Ferns usually small, sometimes medium-sized epiphytes, growing on tree trunks with bryophytes or lichens, or lithophytes on wet rocks [terrestrial and rheophytic species not in China]. Rhizomes either ± erect, radial, unbranched, with stipes in whorls, or ± shortly creeping, dorsiventral, sometimes branched, with stipes in 2 rows, usually with scales, rarely scales absent in some species with radial rhizomes; scales, when present, usually visible at rhizome apex, sometimes hidden between stipes and roots, clathrate or not, glabrous or with hairs. Stipe articulate to rhizome or not, with phyllopodia or not. Lamina simple, lobed to pinnate, or rarely bipinnatifid; glabrous or with hairs of various kinds, but without scales; lateral veins free, not reaching margin. Important types of hairs on stipe and lamina: simple, either eglandular or glandular, or forked with catenate[??] base and either glandular or eglandular branches (other kinds of hairs may also be present). Sori exindusiate, round, oval, or linear, on abaxial surface, submarginal or marginal, superficial, slightly sunken in broad shallow depressions, or deeply sunken in pits, pouches, or grooves. Sporangia glabrous or setose, stalk with one row of cells for most or all of its length. Spores chlorophyllous, tetrahedral (bilateral species not in China). Prothalli ribbonlike, branched, with gemmae, not cordate. [Parris: I do not have any reference to the prothalli having midribs.]
A family of tropical ferns with more than 25 genera, generic delimitation is now more or less complete; 12 in China (ten endemic).
The genus Acrosorus Copeland is also reported in China by Ching (1978[??citation]) and Wu and Ching (1991[??citation]), but no voucher specimens have been seen. Its distribution in China needs further confirmation.
1a. Lamina simple.
2a. Sori linear, immersed in 2 grooves, parallel to midrib ................................ 9. Scleroglossum
2b. Sori round to narrowly oblong, oblique to midrib, usually superficial or slightly immersed in lamina, rarely deeply immersed.
3a. Rhizomes dorsiventral ....................................................................... 6. Oreogrammitis
3b. Rhizomes radial .............................................................................. 8. Radiogrammitis
1b. Lamina pinnately lobed to bipinnatifid.
4a. Veins in pinnae simple or forked, sori 1 (rarely 2) on each pinna; rhizomes radial.
5a. Sori protected by folded pinnae ............................................................ 1. Calymmodon
5b. Sori not protected by folded pinnae
6a. Frond hairs medium to dark reddish brown, simple, all or most hairs more than 0.5 mm, up to 1.8 mm ............................................................................................... 5. Micropolypodium
6b. Frond hairs pale, simple or 1- or 2-forked, less than 0.5 mm ............ 12. Xiphopterella
4b. Veins in pinnae pinnately branched, sori 1 to several on each pinna; rhizomes radial or dorsiventral.
7a. Pale yellowish brown simple glandular hairs and forked hairs with glandular branches, 0.10.2 mm, on stipe and lamina, sometimes also on rhizomes scales; no other types of hairs present 2. Chrysogrammitis
7b. Pale yellowish brown simple glandular hairs and forked hairs with glandular branches, 0.10.2 mm, absent from stipe, lamina, and rhizome scales; other types of hairs present.
8a. Sori submarginal or marginal, or on abaxial surface of lamina, usually deeply sunken in lamina, sometimes superficial or very slightly sunken on abaxial surface of lamina; rhizomes dorsiventral, stipe articulate to rhizome, phyllopodia present; rhizome scales subclathrate to clathrate, with marginal hairs ........................................................................................................... 7. Prosaptia
8b. Sori on abaxial surface of lamina, superficial or very slightly sunken; rhizomes radial or dorsiventral, stipe sometimes articulate to rhizome, phyllopodia sometimes present; rhizome scales sometimes subclathrate to clathrate, sometimes with marginal hairs.
9a. Rhizomes dorsiventral, rhizome scales glabrous.
10a. Hairs on stipe up to 0.4 mm ................................................... 3. Ctenopterella
10b. Hairs on stipe up to 2 mm ........................................................ 10. Themelium
9b. Rhizomes radial, all or most rhizome scales with hairs at apex and/or margin.
11a. Vein endings without hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina, frond hairs dark reddish brown .......................................................................................... 4. Dasygrammitis
11b. Vein endings with hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina, frond hairs pale to medium reddish brown ................................................................................. 11. Tomophyllum
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, pale reddish brown, glabrous or with 1 or more hairs at apex. Stipe very short, ± winged to base. Lamina attenuate gradually to apex and base, deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; pinnae entire, with 1 simple vein, each vein ending with a hydathode, often very indistinct, on adaxial surface of lamina; fertile pinnae folded toward lamina apex and covering sori. Sori oval or elliptic, 1 sorus per pinna. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular, and 1- or 2-forked with eglandular branches.
A genus of ca. 30 species; two species in China.
[??Calymmodon cucullatus C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 204. 1836 - Taiwan]
1a. Lamina sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous; pinnae distant .................................. 1. C. ordinatus
1b. Lamina copiously (not densely) hairy; pinnae approximate .................................. 2. C. gracilis
[??vernacular name]
Lamina linear, linear-elliptic, or linear-lanceolate, 2.36 Χ 0.40.8 cm; pinnae distant, inclined or widely ascending; sterile pinnae linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 2.85.5 Χ 0.81.8 mm, acute at apex; fertile pinnae slightly and gradually shortened upward, usually distinctly shorter than sterile ones; rachis prominent on both sides (at least in basal 2/3 part), brown; lateral veins ± visible or sometimes hidden; hairs absent in old fronds, but usually visible, when present, simple or 1- or 2-forked, pale brown, up to 0.4 mm, mainly on abaxial side of rachis and margins, very sparse on adaxial side of rachis and veins, hard to see on both surfaces of lamina.
Epiphytic on mossy tree trunks in dense mountain forests; 4002500 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Philippines].
[??vernacular name]
Plectopteris gracilis Fιe, Gen. Fil. 230. 1852 [??1850].
Lamina linear, linear-lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, 514 Χ 0.40.7 cm, sometimes caudately prolonged at apex; pinnae widely ascending, approximate; sterile pinnae oblong, narrowly oblong, or oblong-oblanceolate, 2.55 Χ 11.8 mm, rounded or bluntly obtuse at apex; fertile pinnae similar in length to sterile ones; rachis prominent on both sides, brown to dark brown; lateral veins ± visible; hairs simple, pale to medium reddish brown on all parts of lamina, copious (not dense), variable in density, usually medium on rachis and veins, sparse on other parts, up to 1.4 mm.
On mossy tree trunks in dense and wet mountain forests; 5001800 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes. Rhizomes dorsiventral, with stipes in 2 rows; scales not clathrate, reddish brown or yellowish brown, glabrous or with glandular hairs on margins. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; veins on pinnae pinnately branched, free; vein endings without hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori more than 1 per pinna, superficial. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs pale yellowish brown, simple glandular and 1- or 2-forked with glandular branches.
A genus of 2 species; one species in China.
[??vernacular name]
Ctenopteris glandulosa J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 185. 1875; C. merrittii (Copeland) Tagawa; C. subcorticola Tagawa; Polypodium merrittii Copeland.
Stipe 28 mm, moderately covered with hairs 0.10.2 mm. Lamina linear to narrowly elliptic, 310 Χ 0.610 mm, attenuate at base, bluntly acute at apex; pinnae inclined or widely ascending; longest pinnae oblong to triangular, 47 Χ 22.5 mm, decurrent on basiscopic margin at base, lobed, acuminate to acute at apex; lobes 13 pairs in longest pinnae, longest lobes 0.81.6 Χ 0.30.8 mm; rachises prominent on both sides, dark brown or brown; costa and veins obscure, but visible with transmitted light; hairs like those on stipe on all parts of lamina, usually denser on abaxial surface, very sparse or absent on adaxial surface and margins. Sori round or slightly oval, 13 per row on longest pinnae, 1 per lobe.
On mossy tree trunks in dense wet mountain forests; 14001800 m. Taiwan [Malaysia, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small to medium-sized epiphytes. Rhizomes dorsiventral, with stipes in 2 rows; scales not clathrate, reddish brown to pale brown, glabrous. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; veins on pinnae pinnately branched, free, each vein ending with a hydathode, sometimes indistinct, on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori more than 1 per pinna, round to oval, superficial or slightly sunken in shallow depressions on lamina. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular, and 1- or 2-forked with eglandular branches.
A genus of ca. 12 species; one species in China.
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis blechnoides Greville, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 1: 320. 1848; Ctenopteris blechnoides (Greville) W. H. Wagner & Grether; C. moultonii (Copeland) C. Christensen & Tardieu; Polypodium decorum Brackenridge; P. moultonii Copeland.
Stipe up to 0.8 mm, densely or moderately covered with short, up to 0.4 mm, simple and forked, dark reddish brown hairs. Lamina linear-oblong or linear-elliptic, 1220 Χ 23 cm, attenuate to cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; pinnae horizontal, inclined, or widely ascending; middle pinnae longest, linear, linear-oblong, or very narrowly triangular, 1217 Χ 1.82.7 mm, entire, obtuse at apex; basal pinnae shortened, narrowly to broadly triangular; rachises brown to dark brown, terete (at least in basal half); costae prominent on both sides, brown to dark brown; veins hidden, hard to see even with transmitted light; hairs simple and forked, dark brown, moderate on rachis, sparse or absent on both surfaces and margins at maturity, simple hairs surrounding receptacle obscured when sporangia are mature.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense forests; 600800 m. Hainan [Cambodia, S India, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Australia, Pacific islands].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small to medium-sized epiphytes. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, medium to dark reddish brown, with marginal hairs. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; veins on pinnae pinnately branched, free; vein endings without hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori more than 1 per pinna, round to oval, superficial or slightly sunken in broad shallow depressions on lamina. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple, eglandular, dark reddish brown; 1- or 2-forked hairs with eglandular branches may also be present.
A genus of ca. six species; one species in China.
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium mollicomum Nees & Blume, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 121. 1823; Ctenopteris mollicoma (Nees & Blume) Kunze.
Stipe 512 mm, densely covered with hairs up to 3 mm. Lamina narrowly elliptic or linear-oblong, 38 Χ 0.71.2 cm, attenuate at base, attenuate or acuminate at apex; pinnae inclined or widely ascending; middle pinnae largest or nearly so, narrowly oblong, 47 Χ 12 mm, entire; rachises dark brown, slightly prominent on both sides at base; costae and veins hidden; hairs on all parts of leaf simple, forked hairs sometimes also present, those on adaxial surface and margin longer, up to 2.5 mm, those on abaxial surface shorter (only half to 2/3 in length). Sori round.
Mossy tree trunks in dense wet mountain forests; 14001900 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes, or sometimes petrophytic. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, reddish brown, glabrous. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; veins hidden, but visible with transmitted light, lateral veins simple, each vein ending with a hydathode on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori superficial, 1 per pinna. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular, medium to dark reddish brown.
A genus of ca. 30 species; two species in China.
1a. Rachis pale to medium brown ........................................................................... 1. M. okuboi
1b. Rachis dark brown ..................................................................................... 2. M. sikkimense
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium okuboi Yatabe, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 5: 35. 1891; Grammitis okuboi (Yatabe) Ching; Micropolypodium pseudotrichomanoides (Hayata) Hayata; P. pseudocucullatum Rosenstock; P. pseudotrichomanoides Hayata; Xiphopteris okuboi (Yatabe) Copeland.
Stipe short, rarely up to 1.5 cm, with sparse hairs up to 1.5 mm. Lamina linear to oblong-lanceolate, 215 Χ 0.30.6 cm, up to 25 Χ 0.8 cm, gradually attenuate toward base to form wing on stipe, obtuse or acute at apex; pinnae oblong or ovate-oblong (middle pinnae), 1.83.2 Χ 0.81.8 mm, sometimes slightly falcate, entire, or seldom with 24 teeth on acroscopic margin, acute to rounded at apex; rachis prominent on abaxial side, slightly grooved on adaxial side, pale to medium brown; hairs copious, moderate or sparse on all parts of lamina, similar to those on stipe. Sori round to elliptic, close to rachis.
Mossy tree trunks, rocks in mountain forests; 10002700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Guizhou, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium sikkimense Hieronymus, Hedwigia 44: 97. 1905; Ctenopteris sikkimensis (Hieronymus) C. Christensen & Tardieu; Grammitis sikkimensis (Hieronymus) Ching; Xiphopteris sikkimensis (Hieronymus) Copeland.
Stipe short, up to 1.5 cm, moderately covered with hairs up to 1.6 mm. Lamina linear, 416 Χ 0.40.6 cm, gradually shortened at base, obtuse or acute at apex; pinnae horizontal or inclined, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 23.5 Χ 0.81.8 mm, decurrent to neighboring pinnae, sometimes slightly falcate, entire or nearly so, obtuse, rounded, or rarely truncate at apex; rachis prominent on abaxial side, pale on adaxial side, dark brown; hairs on all parts of lamina, copious, moderately dense, up to 1.8 mm. Sori round, close to rachis.
Epiphytic or petrophytic; 22003600 m. Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes, seldom petrophytic. Rhizomes dorsiventral, with stipes in 2 rows; scales not clathrate, brown or reddish brown, glabrous. Stipe articulate or not, phyllopodia present or not. Lamina usually entire, rarely slightly crenulate; veins simple or 1- or 2-forked, free, vein endings sometimes with a hydathode on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori usually superficial or slightly sunken in shallow depressions on lamina, sometimes deeply immersed, on acroscopic vein branch unless veins simple, in 2 rows, 1 on each side of midrib. First-developed sporangia usually with 14 simple hairs at apex adjacent to annulus, rarely glabrous; later-developed sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular, either solitary or tufted, and 1- or 2-forked with eglandular branches. Sporangia hairs not lost when old sometimes becoming broken but not detached.
A genus of ca. 110 species; eight species in China (two endemic).
1a. Mature lamina glabrous in apical half, or only with very sparse hairs.
2a. Sori superficial, or slightly immersed ........................................................... 1. O. adspersa
2b. Sori deeply immersed ...................................................................................... 6. O. nuda
1b. Mature lamina with hairs in apical half, at least on midrib.
3a. Lamina margins with tufted hairs ................................................................... 4. O. fenicis
3b. Lamina margins with only simple hairs.
4a. Lateral veins distinct .......................................................................... 7. O. reinwardtii
4b. Lateral veins hidden.
5a. Lamina usually less than 6 cm; stipe usually less than 1 cm.
6a. Stipe hairs dark reddish brown, 0.10.2 mm .................................. 3. O. dorsipila
6b. Stipe hairs pale to dark red-brown, 0.21.8 mm ......................... 8. O. sinohirtella
5b. Lamina usually more than 8 cm; stipe more than 1 cm.
7a. Stipe hairs up to 1.2 mm; lateral veins 1- or 2-forked, acroscopic branch extending beyond sorus .................................................................................................. 2. O. congener
7b. Stipe hairs up to 0.5 mm; lateral veins 1-forked, acroscopic branch not extending beyond sorus 5. O. hainanensis
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis adspersa Blume, Fl. Javae Filic. 2: 115. 1830; G. malaica (Alderwerelt) Tagawa; Polypodium malaicum Alderwerelt.
Stipe very short, up to 5 mm, with some simple solitary and forked short hairs when young, [Parris: phyllopodia present in Chinese material?, seen in Malesian specimens]. Lamina linear to narrowly elliptic, 26 Χ 0.30.7 cm, cuneate or attenuate to form wing almost to base, glabrous or with very sparse hairs on younger laminae at base, margins entire, sometimes undulate, acute or bluntly obtuse at apex; midribs prominent on abaxial side at base, less so on adaxial side, gradually flattened toward apex, dark brown in basal part, brown in apical part; lateral veins hidden, visible in younger fronds with transmitted light, simple, or when soriferous 1-forked with a short acroscopic branch not extending beyond sorus, endings with hydathodes; hairs absent or only in younger fronds, when present, simple, solitary, or rarely forked, pale brown, up to 0.2 mm, mainly on both sides of basal midrib and margins, absent or nearly so on other parts. Sori round to oval, superficial, quite close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
Among moss on tree trunks in dense and wet mountain forests; 12001800 m. Hainan, Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific Islands].
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis congener Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 115. 1828.
Stipe 14 cm, covered with 2 different kinds of simple solitary hairs; shorter hairs whitish brown, up to 0.3 mm, dense on nearly whole stipe; longer hairs medium to dark reddish brown, up to 1.2 mm, usually sparsely confined to apical part of stipe; phyllopodia present. Lamina linear-elliptic, 815.5 Χ 0.51 cm, gradually narrowed downward to acuminate base, margins entire, sometimes slightly undulate, obtuse or acute at apex; hairs mainly simple, solitary, rarely forked, [Parris: tufted rather than forked? I have never seen forked hairs in this species], not tufted on margin, dark reddish brown, moderate to very sparse on all parts of lamina, usually slightly denser on midribs; midrib brown or dark brown at base, prominent on abaxial side, plane or nearly so on adaxial side; lateral veins hidden, invisible even with transmitted light, 1- or 2-forked, acroscopic branch usually simple, extending beyond sorus, basiscopic branch forked, endings with hydathodes. Sori round to oval, superficial, near midrib. Sporangia setose.
On moss on tree trunks in wet and dense mountain forests; 5001800 m. Taiwan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium dorsipilum H. Christ, Monsunia 1: 59. 1900; Grammitis dorsipila (H. Christ) C. Christensen & Tardieu.
Stipe 14 mm, with short simple solitary dark reddish brown hairs 0.10.2 mm; phyllopodia absent. Lamina narrowly oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 1.46.1 Χ 0.20.4 cm, gradually attenuate or cuneate to stipe, entire, bluntly acute to obtuse at apex; midrib brown or dark brown, slightly prominent on abaxial side, sometimes slightly prominent on adaxial side; lateral veins hidden, 1-forked, acroscopic branch shorter than basiscopic branch, extending beyond sorus or not, endings with sometimes indistinct hydathodes; hairs on all parts of lamina simple, solitary, dark reddish brown, 0.10.5 mm. Sori round or elliptic, superficial, close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
Usually epiphytic on tree trunks or rupestral beside streams in mountain forests [Parris: habitat to be checked]; 6001200 m [Parris: altitude range to be checked]. Guangdong, [Parris: Fujian?, Guangxi?, Jiangxi?, Zhejiang? To be checked] [Cambodia, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam]. [Parris: O. sinohirtella has been separated from O. dorsipila so habitat, altitude and range need to be checked].
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis fenicis Copeland, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 18: 224. 1942; [Parris: Grammitis jagoriana auct. non (Mett. ex Kuhn) Tagawa in part? See Radiogrammitis jagoriana.]
Stipe less than 1 cm, covered with simple, mainly solitary, sometimes forked [Parris: I have never seen forked hairs in this species and suspect that they are really tufted] or tufted, medium to dark reddish brown hairs up to 0.8 mm; [Parris: phyllopodia present in Chinese material? They are evident in the type]. Lamina linear or linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, 27 Χ 0.30.6 cm, acuminate at base, entire, bluntly acute to ± obtuse at apex; midrib visible on both surfaces, distinctly prominent on abaxial side, plane or slightly prominent on adaxial side at base; lateral veins hidden, invisible even with transmitted light, 1- or 2-forked, acroscopic branch shorter than or equal in length to basiscopic one, extending beyond sorus or not, basiscopic branch sometimes forked again; hydathodes absent or indistinct; hairs simple, dark reddish brown or nearly so, usually solitary (rarely forked [Parris: see comment above] and tufted) on both surfaces, solitary and tufted on margins, variably dense from very sparse to moderate, usually 0.30.7 mm, up to 2 mm for some on abaxial surface of lamina. Sori round or oval, superficial, close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in wet broad-leaved forests; 5001500 m. Taiwan [Philippines].
Oreogrammitis fenicis is only from Orchid Island (Lan Yu, Botel Tobago), Taiwan according to Ralf Knapp [??citation], who says that Radiogrammitis jagoriana is in northern and southern Taiwan and is distinct from O. fenicis. Photographs of the Orchid Island species closely match the type of O. fenicis, and clearly have a dorsiventral rhizome.
[??vernacular name]
Stipe 1116 mm, with simple, solitary, pale to dark reddish brown hairs 0.10.5 mm; phyllopodia absent. Lamina narrowly elliptic, 7.211 Χ 0.70.8 cm, gradually attenuate or cuneate to stipe, entire, acute to acuminate at apex; midrib brown, slightly prominent on abaxial side, plane to grooved on adaxial surface; lateral veins hidden, 1-forked, acroscopic branch shorter than basiscopic branch, not extending beyond sorus, endings with hydathodes; hairs on all parts of lamina simple, solitary, medium reddish brown, 0.12.6 mm. Sori round or elliptic, superficial, close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
* Rupestral in mountain forests; 7001400 m. Hainan.
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis nuda Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 284. 1941.
Stipe sessile or very short, up to 0.4 mm, with sparse short simple tufted hairs up to 0.1 mm; [Parris: phyllopodia present?]. Lamina linear to linear-oblong, 310 Χ 0.30.6 cm, narrowly attenuate to cuneate at base, entire, bluntly obtuse to slightly emarginate at apex, almost glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes with very sparse solitary to tufted simple hairs on margins (only in young fronds); midribs distinct and prominent on both sides, usually brown on adaxial surface, brown or more often dark brown on abaxial surface; lateral veins hidden, simple, or 1-forked [Parris: when soriferous?], acroscopic branch not extending beyond sorus, endings with hydathodes. Sori medial or slightly nearer to midrib, elliptic to linear-oblong, or sometimes slightly recurved, immersed and distinctly prominent on adaxial surface of lamina. Sporangia glabrous.
Among moss on tree trunks in dense mountain forests; 14001500 m. Taiwan [?Philippines [Parris: I have seen no Philippine material of O. nuda.]]
By only comparing Taiwan material, Oreogrammitis nuda is very easy to distinguish from its allied species O. adspersa in many characters, but their dividing line is confused by some specimens from the Philippines. The taxonomic status of O. nuda needs further research.
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis reinwardtii Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae Add.: 2. 1828.
Stipe 0.82 cm, moderately covered with simple solitary medium reddish brown hairs 12.5 mm; [Parris: phyllopodia present?]. Lamina narrowly elliptic, 3.510 Χ 0.61.2 cm, cuneate at base, margins entire, sometimes undulate, or slightly crenate, acute to obtuse at apex; midribs brown, prominent on both sides at least in basal part; lateral veins visible, sometimes simple when sterile, 1-forked when soriferous, acroscopic branch not extending beyond sorus, much shorter than basiscopic branch, endings with hydathodes; hairs simple, solitary, dark reddish brown, up to 2 mm, moderate to sparse, on all parts of lamina. Sori round or oval, superficial, close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in mossy forests; 13001700 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].
[??vernacular name]
Stipe 311 mm, with simple solitary pale to dark reddish brown hairs 0.21.8 mm; phyllopodia absent. Lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 1.45.4 Χ 0.20.7 cm, gradually attenuate or cuneate to stipe, entire, obtuse to acute at apex; midrib brown to dark brown, slightly prominent on abaxial side, sometimes slightly prominent on adaxial side; lateral veins hidden, 1-forked, acroscopic branch shorter than basiscopic branch, not extending beyond sorus, endings with hydathodes; hairs on all parts of lamina simple, solitary, medium to dark reddish brown, 0.13.1 mm. Sori round or elliptic, superficial, close to midrib. Sporangia setose.
* Rupestral in mountain forests; 7001400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, [Parris: Fujian?, Jiangxi?, Zhejiang?. O. sinohirtella has been separated from O. dorsipila and its habitat, altitude and range need to be checked].
[??vernacular name]
Ctenopteris Blume ex Kunze [??ok].
Plants small to medium-sized epiphytes, rarely petrophytic. Rhizomes dorsiventral, with stipes in 2 rows; scales subclathrate to clathrate, reddish brown, dark reddish brown, brown, dark brown, or dark grayish brown with simple eglandular hairs, sometimes also with 1- or 2-forked hairs with eglandular branches on margins, sometimes simple eglandular hairs also on abaxial surface. Stipe articulate to rhizome, phyllopodia present. Lamina pinnatifid to pinnate; pinnae entire to lobed; venation free, pinnately branched in pinnae, vein endings without hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina; hairs simple eglandular, solitary or tufted, or 1- or 2-forked with eglandular branches. Sori 1 to several per pinna, usually sunken in marginal or submarginal pouches, or depressed in cavities on abaxial surface of lamina, sometimes on surface of lamina or slightly sunken in shallow depressions. Sporangia glabrous.
A genus of ca. 60 species; six species in China.
1a. Sori superficial or slightly sunken ........................................................................ 4. P. nutans
1b. Sori deeply sunken.
2a. Mouth of soral cavity opening toward lamina margin.
3a. Fronds pinnate or pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis; sori marginal 3. P. contigua
3b. Fronds not pinnate, pinnately divided to wing 12 mm wide along rachis; sori submarginal 6. P. urceolaris
2b. Mouth of soral cavity not opening toward lamina margin.
4a. Soral cavity with distinct prominent edge ............................................... 5. P. obliquata
4b. Soral cavity without prominent edge.
5a. Fronds pinnately divided to wing 23 mm wide along rachis ....... 1. P. barathrophylla
5b. Fronds pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis 2. P. celebica
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium barathrophyllum Baker, J. Bot. 29: 107. 1891.
Stipe very short or nearly sessile, up to 1 cm, moderately covered with hairs; hairs simple, solitary, dark reddish brown, up to 0.8 mm. Lamina linear-elliptic, 1235 Χ 1.63 cm, gradually narrowing toward both ends, pinnately divided to wing 23 mm wide along rachis; pinnae inclined or widely ascending, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-triangular, entire, sometimes slightly undulate, acute or bluntly obtuse at apex, basal ones gradually shortened to form a broad wavy wing almost to base; middle pinnae largest, up to 15 Χ 5 mm; rachis prominent on abaxial side, slightly prominent to grooved on adaxial side, medium brown or darker; costae indistinct; veins hidden, but visible with transmitted light, simple; hairs simple, solitary, seldom tufted, seldom forked, dark reddish brown, mainly on margin and abaxial surface, very sparse or absent on adaxial surface. Sori up to 8 pairs per pinna, 1 per vein, round to oval, medial or slightly closer to margin, sunk in cavities without prominent edges, rim of cavity without hairs.
Dense evergreen forests; 10001500 m. Hainan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Most specimens identified as Prosaptia khasyana in Chinese herbaria are, in fact, P. urceolaris. Prosaptia khasyana seems to be a rare species in China.
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium celebicum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 127. 1828; Ctenopteris celebica (Blume) Copeland.
Stipe 13 cm, densely covered with simple solitary dark reddish brown hairs up to 1.7 mm. Lamina narrowly elliptic, 1232 Χ 46.5 cm, acuminate, pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis; pinnae spreading, approximate, linear to linear-lanceolate from a dilated base, entire or slightly undulate, acute or obtuse at apex; middle pinnae largest, 2532 Χ 34 mm, gradually shortened to basal ones, several basal pairs abbreviated; rachis medium brown or darker, terete at base, distinctly prominent on both sides; costa of pinna obscure, only slightly prominent on abaxial surface; veins simple, hidden, visible with transmitted light; hairs dark brown, simple, solitary or rarely tufted, or forked, up to 1.5 mm, mainly on both sides of midrib (distinctly denser and shorter on adaxial side, medium on abaxial side) and margins (sparse), very sparse on costae, nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Sori sunken in obliquely elliptic cavities, in a medial row on each side of costa, slightly prominent on adaxial surface, up to 20 pairs on 1 pinna, rim of cavity not prominent, with a ring of hairs around it.
Epiphytic on mossy tree trunks in evergreen forests; 16001700 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand].
[??vernacular name]
Trichomanes contiguum G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 84. 1786; Lecanopteris formosana Hayata.
Stipe 26 cm, moderately covered with short spreading medium to dark simple solitary reddish brown hairs up to 0.5 mm. Lamina linear-elliptic, 1030 Χ 24 cm, acuminate, cuneate or gradually attenuate downward to an undulate and narrow wing along stipe, pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis; pinnae widely ascending; largest pinnae linear to narrowly lanceolate, 23 Χ 0.20.3 cm, dilated at base, obtuse at apex; margins of pinnae entire when sterile, crenate toward soriferous portion when fertile; rachis medium brown or darker, terete at base; costa slightly prominent on both surfaces, or sometimes obscure; veins hidden, usually simple, or rarely forked; hairs simple, solitary or sometimes tufted, seldom forked, dark reddish brown, up to 0.6 mm, mainly on both sides of rachis (denser and shorter on adaxial side), very sparse on costae and margins, nearly absent from both surfaces of lamina. Sori 1 per tooth and/or 1 at apex of pinna, 16 on each pinna, sunken in marginal urceolate cavities opening outward, rim of cavity usually with some short simple hairs on abaxial side, very sparse or absent on adaxial side.
On tree trunks and mossy rocks in dense mountain forests; 4002000 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [S India, Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Australia, Pacific islands].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium nutans Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 128. 1828; Ctenopteris nutans (Blume) J. Smith.
Stipe 23 cm, moderately covered with hairs; stipe hairs mainly simple, solitary, sometimes tufted, sometimes forked, medium to dark reddish brown, very short, ca. 0.2 mm. Lamina deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis, linear or narrowly elliptic, 915 Χ 1.22.5 cm, long attenuate at base, acuminate at apex; pinnae nearly horizontal or slightly ascending; middle pinnae largest or nearly so, linear or subulate, 613 Χ 1.82.2 mm, dilated to slightly decurrent at base, entire or slightly undulate, obtuse at apex; rachis brown to dark brown, terete at base; costae ± prominent on adaxial side, plane and indistinct on abaxial side, brown or slightly dark brown; veins hidden, [Parris: I havent seen real hydathodes in any specimens of this species]; hairs simple, solitary, sometimes tufted, and forked, slightly darker and longer than stipe hairs, sparse on abaxial side of rachis, copious on adaxial side, rarely on margins and costae, and almost absent on both surfaces of lamina. Sori oval or elongate, superficial or slightly sunken, slightly prominent on adaxial surface, 1 per vein, 37 in a medial row on each side of costa.
On mossy tree trunks in dense wet mountain forests; ca. 2500 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium obliquatum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 128. 1828; Cryptosorus obliquatus (Blume) J. Smith; Ctenopteris obliquata (Blume) Copeland.
Stipe 1.55 cm, moderately to densely covered with short simple solitary dark reddish brown hairs up to 0.4 mm. Lamina elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 1030 Χ 24 cm, pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing less than 0.5 mm wide along rachis, acuminate at apex, gradually shortened downward to form small deltoid or semicircular pinnae; middle pinnae largest, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1027 Χ 1.82.7 mm, dilated at base, entire or slightly undulate, acute or obtuse at apex; rachis terete at least at base, distinctly prominent on both surfaces of lamina; costa of pinna ± prominent on both surfaces; veins hidden, simple; hairs simple, seldom tufted, seldom forked, dark reddish brown, up to 0.4 mm, mainly on both sides of rachis (denser on adaxial side), sparse on margins, nearly absent on both surfaces of lamina. Sori sunken in elliptic, oblique cavities on abaxial surface of lamina, prominent on adaxial surface, in a medial row on each side of costa, less than 8 pairs on 1 pinna, rim of cavity distinctly prominent, not fringed with hairs.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense wet forests; 2001800 m. Hainan, Taiwan [S India, Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium urceolare Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 324. 1915; Prosaptia intermedia (Ching) Tagawa; P. urceolaris var. intermedia Ching [??not in IPNI or Tropicos].
Stipe 12 cm, moderately covered with simple, medium to dark reddish brown hairs up to 1.5 mm. Lamina linear-elliptic, 525 Χ 0.82.5 cm, gradually attenuate toward base, pinnately divided to wing 12 mm wide along rachis, acute to acuminate at apex; pinnae approximate, subspreading, narrowly oblong, slightly dilated at base, entire in sterile pinnae, crenate-undulate toward apex on margins in fertile ones, obtuse or rounded at apex, sometimes rounded-truncate; middle pinnae largest, 615 Χ 23 mm; lower several pairs of pinnae gradually shortened, remote, abbreviate, deltoid or rounded; rachis slightly prominent on both sides, medium brown or darker; costa indistinct; veins quite hidden, invisible even with transmitted light, simple; hairs simple, solitary or rarely tufted, or rarely forked, medium to dark reddish brown; moderate on both sides of rachis, sparse on margins and abaxial surface of lamina, nearly glabrous on adaxial surface. Sori deeply sunken in submarginal urceolate cavities opening obliquely outward, 25 on each side of pinna, rim of cavity prominent at least on basal side, with hairs along rim (sometimes lost in old fronds).
On mossy tree trunks in dense mountain forests; 6002000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Philippines, Vietnam].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small, epiphytic, seldom petrophytic. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, pale to dark reddish brown or yellowish brown, glabrous; sometimes absent. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina entire; veins simple or 1- or 2-forked, free, endings sometimes with a hydathode on adaxial surface of lamina, or not. Sori superficial or slightly sunken in broad shallow depressions on lamina, on acroscopic vein branch unless fertile veins simple, in 2 rows, 1 each side of midrib. First-developed sporangia usually with 13 simple hairs at apex adjacent to annulus, rarely glabrous; later-developed sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular, either solitary or tufted. Sporangia hairs not lost when old may become broken but not detached.
A genus of ca. 28 species; three species in China.
1a. Lamina margins with only solitary hairs ............................................................. 3. R. setigera
1b. Lamina margins with solitary and/or tufted hairs.
2a. Rhizomes without scales; marginal hairs pale to medium reddish brown, tufted, in 2 lengths 1. R. alepidota
2b. Rhizomes with scales; marginal hairs dark reddish brown, simple and tufted, ± all same length 2. R. jagoriana
[??vernacular name]
Grammitis alepidota M. G. Price, Philipp. Agric. 57: 34. 1973.
Rhizomes without scales, densely hairy. Stipe 312 mm, densely to moderately covered with pale reddish brown solitary or tufted hairs, obscurely of 2 lengths, up to 2 mm in longer hairs, 0.10.3 mm in shorter hairs. Lamina linear, linear-oblong, linear-elliptic, or linear-oblanceolate, 25.5 Χ 0.20.6 cm, attenuate to narrowly cuneate at base, margins entire or slightly crenate, bluntly obtuse or rounded at apex; midrib slightly prominent on both surfaces, brown to dark brown; lateral veins obscurely visible, or ± hidden in older fronds, simple, extending beyond sorus, ending with an obscure hydathode; hairs on all parts of lamina solitary, [Parris: I havent seen forked hairs in Philippines material, which sometimes has stellate hairs as well as solitary and tufted simple eglandular hairs] or tufted, 2 lengths, longer hairs 0.82.5 mm, shorter hairs 0.12.5 mm, mainly solitary (rarely tufted) on both surfaces, tufted in 2 lengths on margins. Sori round or oval, superficial, very close to midrib. Sporangia glabrous.
Evergreen mossy broad-leaved forests, usually epiphytic on tree trunks or sometimes on rocks; 13001700 m. Taiwan [Philippines].
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium jagorianum Mettenius ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 128. 1869; Grammitis jagoriana (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Tagawa.
Rhizomes with scales. Stipe 0.21 cm, with scattered to dense pale to dark reddish brown solitary hairs, not of 2 lengths, 0.21.7 mm. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, 2.88.7 Χ 0.20.5 cm, long-attenuate at base, entire or slightly crenulate, bluntly acute to obtuse at apex; midrib prominent on abaxial surface, slightly prominent to prominent on adaxial surface, sometimes brown on both surfaces; 1forked, acroscopic branch extending beyond sorus or not, shorter than to ± as long as basiscopic branch, endings without hydathodes; hairs dark red-brown, scattered on margin where solitary or tufted, sometimes sparse to frequent on abaxial surface of midrib where solitary or paired, occasional to scattered on adaxial surface of midrib and both surfaces of lamina, where solitary, not of 2 lengths, 0.72.3 mm. Sori round to oval, superficial or in shallow depressions, median between costa and margin. Sporangia setose.
Habitat (in China) unknown. Taiwan [Indonesia (Borneo), Philippines, Thailand; Pacific islands].
The above description of Radiogrammitis jagoriana is based on Malesian material.
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium setigerum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 123. 1828; Grammitis intromissa (H. Christ) Parris; G. latifolia DeVol; Polypodium intromissum H. Christ.
Rhizomes with scales. Stipe 1.52.5 cm, densely covered with solitary, medium to dark reddish brown hairs 34 mm. Lamina linear to broadly linear, 1015 Χ 0.91.2 cm, cuneate at base, margins entire, sometimes slightly undulate, acute or obtuse at apex; lateral veins hidden, but visible with transmitted light at least in young fronds, 1- or 2-forked, endings with hydathodes; hairs simple and tufted [Parris: I have not seen forked hairs in this species], reddish brown, up to 3 mm, moderate to abundant on margins and abaxial surface, sparse on adaxial surface. Sori round, superficial or shallowly depressed, nearer midrib than margin. Sporangia setose.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense and wet mountain forests; 14001600 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, glabrous. Stipe not articulate to rhizome, phyllopodia absent. Lamina linear to linear-oblanceolate, long-attenuate at base, entire, acute to obtuse at apex; lateral veins hidden, invisible, free, endings without hydathodes on adaxial surface of lamina. Sori linear, deeply sunken in 2 grooves, 1 on each side of midrib, ± parallel to margins and midrib. Sporangia glabrous.
A genus of ca. seven species; one species in China.
[??Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) Alderw. -- Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Ser. 2, VII. 37 t. 5 f. 1-2. 1912 - Taiwan]
[??vernacular name]
Vittaria sulcata Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 68. 1869 [??check (Mettenius)]; Taeniopsis sulcata (Kuhn) Beddome.
Stipe glabrous or nearly so. Lamina linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1.55.5 Χ 0.30.4 cm, long-attenuate to form a wing at base, acute to obtuse at apex; midrib distinctly prominent on abaxial side, grooved on adaxial side; lateral veins invisible even with transmitted light, ascending, mostly forked or irregularly branched, extending beyond sorus; hairs absent to sparse, usually visible on abaxial side of midrib and margins (but lost when old), hard to see on both surfaces, if present, simple eglandular, usually tufted, rarely simple or forked, [Parris: with simple eglandular branches?], pale to medium reddish brown, 0.10.3 mm. Sori about medial between midrib and margin; grooves 0.30.6 mm from margin, 0.81.2 mm apart, inner edge of groove usually acute and somewhat produced over sori, outer edge attenuate toward margin, mouth of groove obliquely opening toward margin.
On mossy tree trunks in dense mountain forests; 10001500 m. Hainan, Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka. Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].
[??vernacular name]
Plants small to medium epiphytes. Rhizomes dorsiventral, with stipes in 2 rows; scales clathrate or not, medium to dark reddish brown, dark brown, or dark gray, glabrous. Stipe subarticulate or not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina pinnately divided to bipinnatifid; veins in pinnae pinnately branched, free, each vein ending with a hydathode on adaxial surface. Sori more than 1 per pinna, round to oval, superficial or slightly sunken in shallow depressions in lamina. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple and eglandular.
A genus of ca. 20 species; two species in China (one endemic).
1a. Pinnae entire; mature lamina glabrous except at base .................................. 1. T. blechnifrons
1b. Pinnae deeply pinnatifid; mature lamina with hairs on rachis .......................... 2. T. tenuisectum
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium decrescens H. Christ var. blechnifrons Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 245-247[??p.]. 1914.
Stipe 0.32.3 mm, sometimes subarticulate, densely covered with medium reddish brown hairs up to 2 mm. Lamina deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis, narrowly elliptic, 520 Χ 1.25 cm, gradually or rather abruptly shortened to form a wavy or crenate wing to base, acuminate or acute at apex; pinnae inclined or widely ascending; middle pinnae largest or nearly so, linear to linear-lanceolate, 728 Χ 25 mm, dilated at base, entire, sometimes slightly undulate; rachis brown to dark brown, distinctly prominent on abaxial surface, variable (plane, slightly prominent, or grooved) on adaxial surface; costae hidden and invisible; veins hidden, but visible with transmitted light in younger fronds, simple; hairs confined to basal part of lamina, or to very young laminae. Sori round, oval, or oblong, slightly sunken in shallow depressions, in a medial row on each side of costa.
* On mossy tree trunks in dense mountain forests; 5001800 m. Taiwan.
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium tenuisectum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 134. 1828; Ctenopteris tenuisecta (Blume) J. Smith.
Stipe 23 cm, sometimes subarticulate, with moderately dense dark reddish brown hairs up to 2 mm. Lamina deeply bipinnatifid, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 525 Χ 24 cm, acuminate at apex, basal normal pinnae slightly shorter, and abruptly shortened to some obliquely round or deltoid pinnae; middle pinnae largest or nearly so, linear to narrowly oblong, 12 Χ 0.30.5 cm; pinnules linear-triangular, 34 Χ 0.81.2 mm, with 1 vein per pinnule, usually with 1 or 2 hairs on apical margin; rachis dark brown, terete at least at base, usually with a very narrow wing connecting adjacent pinnae; veins in pinnules simple, visible or indistinct, extending beyond sorus or not; hairs similar to those on stipe, mainly on rachis (moderate to sparse on abaxial side, very sparse on adaxial side), 1 or 2 or none on apical margin of pinnule, absent from both surfaces and margins (except at apex). Sori round, superficial, 1 at base of pinnule.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in mossy mountain forests; 14001700 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand; Pacific islands]
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium sect. Tomophyllum E. Fournier, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sιr. 5, 18: 283. 1873.
Plants small to medium epiphytes. Rhizomes radial, stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, reddish brown, glabrous or with apical and/or marginal hairs. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina pinnate or deeply pinnately divided to narrow wing along rachis; veins in pinnae pinnately branched, simple, free, each vein ending with a hydathode on adaxial surface. Sori more than 1 per pinna. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular.
A genus of ca. 22 species; one species in China.
[??vernacular name]
Polypodium donianum Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: 54. 1827; P. hayatai Masamune; P. sinicum H. Christ; P. tenellum D. Don (1824), not G. Forster (1786); P. tenuissimum Hayata (Sep. 1914), not Copeland (Feb. 1914); Tomophyllum sinicum (H. Christ) Parris.
Stipe 12 cm, with pale to medium reddish brown hairs up to 2.4 mm. Lamina linear or narrowly elliptic, 412 Χ 0.[??]2 cm, attenuate at apex, gradually reduced to a very narrow wing at base; pinnae inclined or widely ascending, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 612 Χ 24 mm, decurrent at basiscopic base; margins serrate, incised-serrate, or incised-crenate; rachis slightly prominent on both sides, brown to slightly dark brown; costae obscure; veins ± hidden, but visible with transmitted light, not extending beyond sori; hairs on all parts of lamina, pale reddish brown, up to 2.2 mm, moderate to sparse, similar to those on stipe. Sori round, superficial, 1 per each marginal serration, 24 in a medial row on each side of costa.
On mossy tree trunks and rocks in dense mountain forests; 14003200 m. Anhui, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Nepal].
One of us (Parris) has examined the type of Tomophyllum subfalcatum and finds it to be very distinct from the Chinese species.
[??vernacular name]
Plants small epiphytes. Rhizomes radial, with stipes in whorls; scales not clathrate, pale reddish brown, glabrous. Stipe not articulate, phyllopodia absent. Lamina pinnately divided; lateral veins 1-forked when fertile, free, each vein ending with a hydathode on adaxial surface. Sori superficial. Sporangia glabrous. Hairs simple eglandular and 1- or 2-forked with eglandular branches.
A genus of ca. seven species; one species in China (endemic).
[??vernacular name]
Stipe sessile or nearly so. Lamina linear, linear-elliptic, or linear-oblanceolate, 27 Χ 0.50.9 cm, attenuate to form a wing at base, acute at apex; pinnae inclined or ascending, broadly to narrowly triangular, slightly oblique or falcate, up to 5 mm, entire, or with a small blunt tooth at base of acroscopic margin; rachis prominent on abaxial side, grooved on adaxial side, pale to medium brown, or pale yellowish brown; lateral veins hidden, invisible even with transmitted light, simple in sterile pinnae, forked in fertile pinnae, acroscopic branch not extending beyond sorus; hairs visible in younger fronds, mainly on abaxial side of rachis and at base of lamina, very hard to see on other parts, simple or more commonly 1- or 2-forked, pale, up to 0.3 mm. Sori round to oval.
* Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense forest; 9001600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
Ctenopterella cornigera (Baker) Parris (syn. Micropolypodium cornigerum (Baker) X. C. Zhang) is a species endemic to Sri Lanka. Chinese plants usually identified as Micropolypodium cornigerum (or Xiphopteris cornigera (Baker) Copeland and Grammitis cornigera (Baker) Ching) belong to a species endemic to SE China [??].