Polypodiaceae Subfam. 5. Polypodioideae [Draft]

35. POLYPODIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1082. 1753 [emend. Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 17. 1978].

多足蕨属  duo zu jue shu

Ferns epiphytic or epilithic, small to medium-sized. Rhizome long-creeping, covered with scales; scales brown, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, clathrate or centrally clathrate. Fronds usually remote, articulate at base, monomorphic. Lamina broadly lanceolate, simple, pinnatifid, truncate at base, pinnatilobed at apex. Lateral segments more than 5 pairs, lanceolate, ± falcate, entire to incised at margins. Veins free, veinlets forked. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, borne on acroscopic branch of a free forked veinlet; sporangia long-stalked, annulus with about 20 indurate cells. Spores yellow, ellipsoidal, surface verrucate, low-verrucose. x=37.

About six species: throughout the North Temperate Zone, ranging from temperate Europe and northern Asia to North America; two species in China.

1a...... Segments oblique; sori medial ................................................................................................................  1. P. vulgare

1b..... Segments spreading; sori much nearer to margin than to costa ...............................................  2. P. virginianum

1. Polypodium vulgare Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1085. 1753.

欧亚水龙骨  ou ya shui long gu

Rhizome long-creeping, 3–4 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales pale brown, lanceolate with ovate peltate base, 4–5 mm, toothed at margin, acuminate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipe stramineous, 5–10 cm, densely scaly at base, glabrescent upward. Lamina pinnatifid or pinnatisect, oblong-lanceolate, 10–20 × 5–7 cm, with shortly caudate apex. Segments 12–15 pairs, oblique, lanceolate, 3–4 cm × 5–8 mm, decurrent to adjacent lobes by very narrow wings of rachis at base, toothed at margin, obtuse or acute at apex. Veins free, veinlets forked, hardly visible. Texture herbaceous or subleathery, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, medial or slightly closer to costa.

[[Fl.Jap.]Evergreen epiphytic fern in small size. Rhizome creeping, 1.5–4 mm in diam., fronds rather close-spaced, densely scaly; scales ovate-subdeltoid, 2.5–5 × 1–1.2 mm, peltate, membranous, uniformly pale brown, clathrate, margin irregular. Stipe straw-colored, dark and scaly at base, jointed to rachis, terete, glabrous, 5–15 cm; lamina pinnatisect with distinct apical pinna, ovate-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate in outline, 6–20(–30) × 4–5(–10) cm, herbaceous, stiff, green to yellow-green, paler below, glabrous; lateral pinnae 5–15 pairs, patent, linear-lanceolate, 5–7 mm broad, margin shallowly dentate, apex moderately acute; veins obscure, pinnately divided, all free, the apex not reaching the very margin of lobes. Sori round, superficial, arranged in one row at each side of midribs of lobes, medial or subcostal, naked, without peltate paraphysis. n = 37, 74.]

Epiphytic [??epilithic] on rocks; ca. 1900 m. Xinjiang [Japan, Russia; Europe, North America].

2. Polypodium virginianum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1085. 1753.

东北水龙骨  dong bei shui long gu

Rhizome wide-creeping, 2–3 mm diam., densely covered with scales; scales brown, lanceolate 3–4 mm, margin remotely toothed, apex acuminate. Fronds remote. Stipe straw-colored, 5–8 cm, glabrous. Lamina deeply pinnatifid or pinnatisect at base, oblong-lanceolate, 10–20 × 3–5 cm, acuminate or caudate at apex. Lateral lobes 12–16 pairs, spreading, narrowly lanceolate, 2–2.5 cm × 5–6 mm, usually decurrent to adjacent lobes by narrow wings at both sides of rachis, obtuse or acute at apex. Veins free, terminal of veinlets with hydathodes ending near margin, invisible on abaxial surface, hardly visible on adaxial surface. Texture subleathery, yellowish green abaxially, grayish green adaxially, both sides glabrous. Sori round, in a single row along each side of costa, near margin.

[[Fl.Jap.]Evergreen fern small in size. Rhizome creeping, 1.5–3 mm in diam., bearing fronds rather closely; scales broadly lanceolate, broader in basal portion, gradually narrowing to filamentous apical portion, 3–4 mm, membranous, more or less bicolored with dark brown center and pale brown margins, margin with sparse projections. Stipe 5–12 cm, stramineous, terete, dark and scaly at base; laminae oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, parallel in both sides, 7–20(–30) × 2–4(–5) cm, pinnatisect; pinnae 12–25 pairs, lanceolate, moderately acute at apex, 4–7 mm broad, subentire or wavy and dentate at distal margin; stiff-herbaceous, yellow-green, glabrous; veins obscure, forked to pinnately branching, all free, the apex not reaching the very margin of lobes. Sori round, superficial, in one row at each side of midribs of lobes, submarginal. n = 37, diploid.]

Epiphytic on tree trunks or [??epilithic] on rocks. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; North America].

36. PLEUROSORIOPSIS Fomin, Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 11: 8. 1930.

睫毛蕨属  jie mao jue shu

Xing Fuwu (邢福武)^[1], Wang Faguo (王发国)¹; Masahiro Kato^[2]

Ferns, small, epiphytic or lithophytic. Rhizome slender, long creeping, with ca. 2 vascular bundles, densely covered by long rufous linear hairs and long and narrow linear scales at apex. Fronds distant; stipe straw-colored, slender, densely covered with hairs similar to those of rhizome, with 1 terete vascular bundle; lamina bipinnatifid, lanceolate, papery, both surfaces densely covered with brown nodose hairs, densely ciliate at margin; pinnules subligulate, entire or subentire, apex obtuse; veins free, with 1 veinlet per lobe, ending inframarginally. Sori linear-oblong, along veins, exindusiate; sporangia shortly stalked, annulus consisting of 14(–16) thickly walled cells; spores reniform, bilateral, transparent, smooth-surfaced, perispore thin.

One species: China, Japan, Korea, Russia.

1. Pleurosoriopsis makinoi (Maximowicz ex Makino) Fomin, Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 11: 8. 1930.

睫毛蕨  jie mao jue

Gymnogramma makinoi Maximowicz ex Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: 481. 1894; Anogramma makinoi (Maximowicz ex Makino) H. Christ.

Rhizome densely covered with long rufous linear hairs and also a few deciduous linear scales near apex, hairs 2–6 mm. Stipe 1.5–3 cm, densely hairy; hairs brown or rufous, nodose, 0.3–0.6 mm; lamina dark green when dry, 1.5–8 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margin densely ciliate, apex obtuse; pinnae 4–7 pairs, alternate, distant, oblique, shortly stalked, triangular-ovate, basal pair slightly shorter; middle pinnae 5–15 × 4–8 mm, base obliquely cuneate, pinnatipartite, apex obtuse; pinnules 1–3 pairs, alternate, oblique, subligulate or spatulate, 2–3 × ca. 1 mm, entire or subentire, apex obtuse. Sori linear-oblong, short, along veins except their ends, often confluent.

In wet moss communities of forest understories, on rocks, tree trunks, wet places; 800–2700 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia].