复叶耳蕨属 fu ye er jue shu
Byrsopteris C. V. Morton; Dryopteris subgen. Polystichopsis (J. Smith) C. Christensen; Leptorumohra H. Itτ; Lithostegia Ching; Phanerophlebiopsis Ching; Polystichopsis (J. Smith) Holttum; Rumohra sect. Dryopolysticha Ching.
Ferns, terrestrial, evergreen, mid (or large) sized. Rhizome long creeping to short and ascending, or rarely erect, densely scaly; scales threadlike, subulate, lanceolate, or ovate, often attenuate toward apex, margin entire or with 2-celled toothlike projections, rarely fimbriate. Fronds few, distant or approximate; stipe equal in length as lamina or longer, base densely scaly as rhizome, adaxially sulcate; lamina deltoid, ovate, pentagonal, or rarely lanceolate, usually 24(or 5)-pinnate, but simply pinnate in a few species, herbaceous, papery to leathery, glabrous or with a few narrow scales, rarely hary; dissection anadromous; primary rachis like the stipe, adaxially sulcate, the grooves continuous with those on axes of higher order, scaly to glabrescent, or rarely with pale gray unicellular acicular hairs, scales entire (or dentate), sometimes with enlarged base and denticulate; pinnae a few to numerous pairs, usually short stalked, the basal ones often basiscopically produced; upper divisions gradually reduced and ended with auminate or caudate apex, or with a distinct terminal pinna; basiscopic pinnules often slightly longer than acroscopic ones; ultimate divisions sessile, usually oblong to rhomboid, or rarely linear, often unequally based with an anterior auricle, margin sharply dentate to aristate; venation usually also anadromous, veins free, pinnate or forked, not quite reaching the margin of ultimate segment, often ended with a hydathode; Sori rounded, terminal or dorsal on acroscopic branch of veinlets; indusia orbicular-reniform, attached at a deep sinus, remaining or fugacious; sporangia numerous, long stalked, with annulus of 1316 thickened cells. Spores ellipsoid, often with broad rugate perispore. Chromosome x=41.
About 60 species: tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, but mainly in E and SE Asia; 33 species in China (18 endemic).
1a. Rhizome slender and long creeping; lamina herbaceous, rather thin and usually soft; axes and main veins adaxially with pale gray unicellular acicular hairs.
2a. Indusium entire; main veins abaxially with broadly ovate and bullate-based scales; stipe and primary rachis with copious scales ...1. A. miqueliana
2b. Indusium ciliate or entire; main veins abaxially with narrowly lanceolate, or hairlike but flat-based scales; the upper part of stipe and primary rachis glabrescent.
3a. Lamina pentagonal, 4(or 5)-pinnate, upper parts conspicuously toward apex abruptly narrowed and acuminate, brownish green when dried 2. A. quadripinnata
3b. Lamina deltoid-pentagonal, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, upper parts long acuminate, shiny or yellowish green when dried ..3. A. sinomiqueliana
1b. Rhizome usually stout, creeping to ascending, or erect; lamina papery to leathery, or rarely herbaceous especially when young; axes and main veins adaxially glabrescent or with scales, but not unicellular hairs.
4a. Lamina 4 or 5-pinnate, ultimate segment very narrowly lanceolate with a single vein; sori single in the segments; indusium very firm, dark and entire, covering the sorus when young and splitting into irregular segments when mature ..4. A. superba
4b. Lamina usually 24 (or 5)-pinnate, or rarely simply pinnate, ultimate segment asymmetrically oblong or rhomboid with more than one veins; sori often more than one pairs in the segments; indusium membranous, papery or firm, entire or erose on margin, persist or fugacious.
5a. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate; pinna lanceolate with nearly symmetrically cuneate base.
6a. Stipe with darkly brown scales at base; pinnae axis abaxially sparsely with hair-like scales; sori mostly dorsal on the middle or lower middle of veinlets ..5. A. neopodophylla
6b. Stipe with reddish brown scales at base; pinnae axis abaxially glabrescent; sori terminal or subterminal on veinlets.
7a. Lamina acuminate at apex or with a distinct terminal pinna; pinna with aristate-tipped cartilaginous coarse teeth on margin ...6. A. blinii
7b. Lamina with a distinct terminal pinna; pinna with non aristate-tipped crenulate teeth on margin .. ..7. A. tsiangiana
5b. Lamina deltoid, ovate, or pentagonal, 24 (or 5)-pinnate; pinna usually deltoid or ovate-lanceolate; ultimate pinnules usually asymmetric at base with acroscopic auricles.
8a. Sori dorsal on veinlets; ultimate pinnules coarse, margin dentate or acutely serrate, never ended with aristate tipps; texture thickly leathery . 8. A. cavalerii
8b. Sori terminal on veinlets (or subdorsal but mixed with terminal ones in same lamina); ultimate pinnules finely dissected or coarse, margin acutely dentate or further lobed, teeth with or without aristate tipps; texture papery, subleathery, or herbaceous.
9a. Rhizome and the base of stipe with shiny castaneous, ovate-lanceolate, and stiffy thickly papery scales; stipe upwards and throughout the lamina rachis glabrescent and glossy.
10a. Lamina caudate toward apex, and ened with a distinct terminal pinna; lateral pinnae also caudate at apices .9. A. amoena
10b. Lamina abruptly narrowed toward apex and caudate-acuminate, without distinct terminal pinna; lateral pinnae also caudate-acuminate at apices .10. A. tonkinensis
9b. Rhizome and the base of stipe with blackish, grayish, or reddish brown, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or threadlike, membraneous or thinly papery scales; stipe upwards and throughout lamina rachis ± scaly but often not glossy.
11a. Rhizome ascending, together with the base of stipe tufted with reddish brown, long, threadlike, tortuous scales.
12a. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid with much coarsely dissected ultimate pinnules.
13a. Stipe uniformly with long hairlike scales at base; lamina leathery, shiny brownish when dried 11. A. grossa
13b. Stipe mixed with much broader and denticulate-margined scales besides hairlike ones at adaxial base; lamina papery, obscurely dark green when dried 12. A. fengii
12b. Lamina 35-pinnate with much finely dissected ultimate pinnules.
14a. Frond large sized; lamina 5-pinnate; stipe mixed with broad lanceolate and denticulate-margined thicker scales along both sides of adaxial groove at lower part above the base 15. A. gigantea
14b. Frond mid sized; lamina 3- or 4-pinnate; stipe scaly as rhizome or bearing slightly wider scales along both sides of the adaxial groov at lower part above base.
15a. Lamina (thickly) papery, 3- or 4-pinnate; ultimate pinnules separate from each other or neighboring, apex and lobes with mucronate tips, dull brownish when dried; indusia usually denticulate on margin .13. A. globisora
15b.Lamina thinly leather, 4-pinnate; ultimate pinnules pectinate or imbricate, apex and lobes with non-aristate sharp teeth, shiny green when dried; indusia often entire on margin 14. A. spectabilis
11b. Rhizome long creeping to short or ascending, together with the base of stipe often bearing grayish or backish brown, linear-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or subulate scales.
16a. Rhizome mostly wood-like stiff, most often clumpy, together with base of stipe bearing linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or subulate, and relatively thicker and firmer scales.
17a. Fronds dimorphic; Fertile lamina strongly contracted with much shorter and narrower pinnae and pinnules . 16. A. hainanensis
17b. Fronds monomorphic, or with minor differences between fertile and sterile laminae (or pinnae in the same lamina).
18a. Lamina abruptly caudate toward apex, most oftenly forming a distinct terminal pinna resembling the lateral pinnae, or lamina with a much elongated caudate-acuminate apex.
19a. Lamina 2- or 3-pinnate, with an elongated caudate-acuminate apex, lateral pinnae often linear-lanceolate (the lowest pinnae deltoid-lanceolate) .19. A. longipinna
19b. Lamina (2- or)3- or 4-pinnate, with distinct terminal pinna resembling its adjacent lateral pinnae, lower 24 pairs of pinnae often deltoid-lanceolate with produced basiscopic base.
20a. Lamina relatively smaller and more simply dissected when mature, (2- or)3-pinnate, lower pinnae proximally with 1 or 2 pairs of elongated and 1-pinnate pinnules .... 17. A. simplicior
20b. Lamina relatively big-sized and more complicatedly dissected when mature, 4-pinnate at base, lower pinnae proximally with 2 or 3 pairs of elongated and 1- or 2-pinnate pinnules ........................18. A. ziyunshanensis
18b. Lamina gradually acuminate toward apex, or somewhat abruptly narrowed and then acuminate (not with an elongated caudate apex).
21a. Lamina 2- or 3-pinnate; stipe bearing brown or dark brown, dilate-based, denticulate-based, and appressed subulate scales above base and throughout the lamina rachis.
22a. Lamina toward apex abruptly narrowed and elongated deltoid-lanceolate; lower pinnae with basally elongated pinnules.
23a. Rhizome long creeping with fronds at distant intervals; lamina shiny brownish green when dried; sori medially posited .20. A. aristata
23b. Rhizome short creeping with fronds at much shorter intervals; lamina obscurely greenish when dried; sori medial or closer to midvein of ultimate pinnule 22. A. jinpingensis
22b.Lamina toward apex gradually acuminate, or occasionally narrowed but forming a shortly acuminate apex; pinnae (from the second pairs and upwards) often without basally elongated pinnules.
24a. Lamina toward apex acuminate, attenuate-acuminate, or occasionally abruptly narrowed; lateral pinnae often with the basal pinnules the longest 21. A. chinensis
24b. Lamina toward apex acuminate; lateral pinnae with basal pinnules as long as or shorter than their neighboring upper ones .23. A. japonica
21b. Lamina (3- or)4(or 5)-pinnate; stipe bearing brown or coal-like brown, linear-lanceolate (or wider but often entire-margined) scales above base and throughout the lamina rachis, or stipe glabrescent.
25a. Lamina papery or subleathery, stiff or firm when dried.
26a. Lamina thickly papery to subleathery when mature; ultimate segments broader and with aristate or mucronate teeth 24. A. speciosa
26b. Lamina papery or thinly papery when mature; ultimate segments often narrower and with only sharply tipped (but non aristate) teeth 25. A. coniifolia
25b. Lamina thinly herbaceous, soft and tenuous when dried.
27a. Stipe above the base and throughout the lamina rachis sparsely bearing dull brown, and relatively thnner scales, or somewhat glabrescent. .26. A. festina
27b. Stipe above the base and throughout the lamina rachis moderately bearing cold-black and relatively thcker scales ..27. A. nigrospinosa
16b. Rhizome especially at growing apex fleshy-like tender, often with rounded thick internodes, together with the base of stipe bearing broad lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and relatively softer scales.
28a. Lamina toward apex abruptly caudate and forming a distinct linear terminal pinna resembling it adjacent lateral pinnae.
29a. Sori marginally or submarginally (of the ultimate pinnule) posited; indusia margin at least when young ciliate ..28. A. amabilis
29b. Sori medially (between the margin and the mainvein of the ultimate pinnule) posited; indusia margin entire.
30a. Pinnae extremely ascending (forming an acute angle of less than 30 degree with the lamina rachis), lower 3 or 4 pairs similar in shape and size; ultimate pinnules margin only serrate; indusial with hairs on dorsal surface 30. A. similis
30b. Pinnae obliquely spreading (forming an acute angle of more than 60 degree with the lamina rachis), pinnae gradually reduced towards lamina apex (and sometimes lowest pair of pinnae with basally produced); proximal ultimate pinnules on acroscopic or both margins often shallowly pinnated; indusia glabrous .29. A. hekiana
28b. Lamina toward apex acuminate, attenuate-acuminate, or abruptly narrowed but deltoid-acuminate, or forming a broadly acuminate terminal pinna.
31a. Lamina 2-pinnate; ultimate pinnules often broader than 1 cm.
32a. Lamina toward apex gradually acuminate.
33a. Lamina as long as or shorter than stipe, deltoid-oblong, apex forming a terminal pinna resembling or slightly wider than its lateral ones; ultimate pinnules not decurrent on basiscopic base . .31. A. assamica
33b. Lamina longer than stipe, often oblong, its 1-pinnate apex much longer and wider than the lateral pinnae; ultimate pinnules decurrent at basiscopic base 32. A. yoshinagae
32b. Lamina toward apex abruptly narrowed and then forming a distinct but acuminate terminal pinna.
34a. Stipe brown-stramineous; lamina papery, brownish green when dried; lateral pinnae broader than 5 cm .. ..33. A. pseudoassamica
34b. Stipe stramineous; lamina thinly papery, yellowish green when dried; lateral pinnae narrower than 4 cm .. .34. A. wulingshanensis
31b. Lamina 3- or 4(or 5)-pinnate or 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate pinnules or segments often narrower than 1 cm.
35a. Lamina toward apex abruptly narrowed and long acuminate or deltoid-acuminate; lowest pair of pinnae (linear) lanceolate or basal 1(or 2) pairs of pinnules obviously elongated.
36a. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; lateral pinnae (linear) lanceolate; ultimate pinnules often deeply pinnatifid. . .35. A. hunanensis
36b. Lamina 3-pinnate; lower 3(or4) pinnae deltoid with elongated basal pinnules; ultimate pinnules (except proximal ones) margin sharply serrate .............36. A. sinorhomboidea
35b. Lamina toward apex acuminate or slightly attenuate; lowest pair of pinna deltoid or ovate and often much broader with basal basiscopic pinnules slightly longer.
37a. Lamina thickly papery or subleathery, most often 3-pinnate; ultimate pinnules or freed segments usually broader than 5 mm.
38a. Pinnules well spaced; lamina papery and often flexible, shiny yellowish green when dried; costules and veins with brown, and appressed articulate hairs abaxially .. 37. A. nipponica
38b. Pinnules contiguous; lamina subleathery and often firm, pale greenish when dried; veins and costules glabrescent abaxially . 38. A. ailaoshanensis
37b. Lamina herbaceous or papery, most often 4-pinnate; ultimate pinnules or freed segments usually narrower than 5 mm.
39a. Ultimate pinnules with aristate-tipped teeth; indusia ciliate or erose on margin; lamina firmly herbaceous or papery, often obscurely pale green when dried .39. A. simulans
39b. Ultimate pinnules with blunt-tipped teeth; indusia entire; lamina thinly herbaceous, often shiny green when dried ... .40. A. henryi
毛枝蕨 mao zhi jue
Aspidium miquelianum Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 240, 634. 1876; Arachniodes borealis Serizawa; Aspidium fargesii Christ; Dryopteris miqueliana (Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier) C. Christensen; Leptorumohra fargesii (Christ) Nakaike & Yamato; L. miqueliana (Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier) H. Itτ; Nephrodium miquelianum (Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier) Komarov; Polystichopsis miqueliana (Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier) Tagawa; Rumohra miqueliana (Maximowicz ex Franchet & Savatier) Ching.
Rhizome long creeping, densely clothed with brown lanceolate scales along growing parts. Frond 0.61 m; stipes 3262 cm and 56 mm in diam., brownish stramineous, copiously scaly throughout primary rachis; lamina herbaceous, obscurely green to yellowish green when dried, deltoid-pentagonal, 3552 Χ 2635 cm, apex acuminate, 4-pinnate; pinnae 610 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-ovate, 2932 Χ 2225 cm, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; first order pinnules ca. 18 pairs, obliquely spreading, deltoid-lanceolate, basal basiscopic one ca. 15 Χ 7 cm, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules 67 pairs, stalked, blunt deltoid to oblong, ca. 3.5 Χ 2.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 34 pairs, ovate or rhombic, to 1.2 Χ 0.9 cm, apex obtuse or acute, margin deeply pinnatifid or obtusely serrate; upper pinnae gradually reduced; axes and main veins adaxially with pale grey unicellular acicular hairs, veins abaxially scattered with brown, ovate and bullate-based scales. Sori 13 per ultimate segment; indusia brown, entire.
Under broad-leaved or mixed forests, on earth or occasionally on shaded moist and moss covered rock surface; 4001300(1700) m. Anhui, Guizhou, Jilin??, Jiangxi, WC Sichuan, N Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
四回毛枝蕨 si hui mao zhi jue
Microlepia quadripinnata Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 434. 1911; Dryopteris quadripinnata (Hayata) Hayata; Leptorumohra quadripinnata (Hayata) H. Itτ; Rumohra quadripinnata (Hayata) Ching.
Rhizome long creeping, bearing brown ovate-lanceolate scales. Fronds 0.81 m; stipes 2060 cm and 25 mm in diam., purplish brown at base, upward gradually brownish stramineous or stramineous, glabrescent or with few scales from base throughout the primary rachis; lamina herbaceous, brownish green when dried, pentagonal-ovate, 2948 Χ 2740 cm, upper parts toward apex abruptly narrowed and acuminate, 4- or 5-pinnate; pinnae ca. 10 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna ovate-lanceolate, 1628 Χ 816 cm, apex acuminate, 3- or 4-pinnate; primary pinnules 810 pairs, basal basiscopic one largest, ovate-lanceolate, 513 Χ 2.56 cm, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules ca. 12 pairs, shortly stalked, ovate-lanceolate, to 3.5 Χ 1.2 cm, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 6 or 7 pairs, basal acroscopic one largest, ovate-oblong, to 1 Χ 0.5 cm, margin pinnatifid or coarsely serrate; upper pinnae gradually reduced; axes and main veins adaxially with pale grey unicellular acicular hairs, veins abaxially sparsely with linear-lanceolate or hairlike, and flat-based scales. Sori small, 14 per ultimate segment, medial between the main vein and the margin; indusia brown, margin entire to needle-like ciliate.
On rather damp ground under broad-leaved or coniferous forests, especially in shaded places by streams, also in moist thickets; 16002700(3000) m. Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan].
无鳞毛枝蕨 wu lin mao zhi jue
Rumohra sinomiqueliana Ching, Sinensia 5: 65, t. 15. 1934; Arachniodes quadripinnata subsp. fimbriata (Koidzumi) Serizawa; Dryopteris miqueliana var. fimbriata Koidzumi; Leptorumohra sinomiqueliana (Ching) Tagawa; Polystichopsis sinomiqueliana (Ching) Tagawa.
Rhizome long creeping, provided with shiny castaneous lanceolate scales. Fronds 4580 cm; stipe 2540 cm and 24 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward slightly with dull brown lanceolate scales, or glabrescent; lamina herbaceous, shiny or yellowish green when dried, deltoid-pentagonal, 2340 Χ 1630 cm, long acuminate toward apex, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, alternate or lowest pair opposite, obliquely spreading, basal pinna ovate-lanceolate, 1225 Χ 912 cm, 2-pinnate; primary pinnules ca. 15 pairs, stalked, basal basiscopic one larger, deltoid-lanceolate, to 4.5 Χ 2 cm, apex obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 5 or 6 pairs, oblong, ca. 1.4 Χ 0.6 cm, base obliquely cuneate, margin deeply pinnatifid; lobes 24 pairs, basal acroscopic one almost free, oblong, apex with 2 or 3 blunt teeth; upper pinnae gradually reduced; axes and main veins adaxially with pale grey unicellular acicular hairs, veins abaxially with a few appressed and narrowly lanceolate, flat-based scales; Sori small, 24 per ultimate segment; indusia brown, margin ciliate.
On slopes under broad-leaved forests or bamboos, especially in moist places along streams, or in non forested valleys; (1000)14002000 m; Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, WC Sichuan, NE Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
石盖蕨 shi gai jue
Aspidium foeniculaceum J. D. Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 36. t. 237. 1862; Diacalpe foeniculacea C. B. Clarke; Lastrea foeniculacea Beddome; Lithostegia foeniculacea (J. D. Hooker) Ching; Polystichum foeniculaceum J. Smith.
Rhizome ascending, stout, densely closed with brown, ovate acuminate and shortly fringed scales. Frond 60120 cm; stipe 1840 (or to 60) cm and 56 mm in diam., pale reddish or stramineous especially at upper part, base scaly as rhizome, and sparsely clothed upwards; lamina papery to softly leathery, shiny green adaxially, paler abaxially, ovate or deltoid-lanceolate, 4580 Χ 3050 cm, slightly reduced at base, apex acuminate, 45 pinnate; pinnae 45( or 6) pairs, the basal pair opposite, others alternate, petiolate, oblique spreading, contiguous, basal pinnae the longest, ca. 25 Χ 13 cm, broadly cuneate at base, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; primary pinnules 1416 pairs, alternate, petiolate, oblique spreading, the basal pair largest, lanceolate, 815 Χ 1.63 cm, broadly cuneate at base, apex acute, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules ca. 10 pairs, alternate, rhombic-oblong, middle pairs 1.62.4 Χ 0.71 cm, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules ( or segments) 34 pairs, alternate, linear, basal pair 2 or 3-furcate; the second pair of pinnae similar in size and shape to the basal one, upper pinnae gradually reduced to the acuminate apex; pinnule axes and veins bearing brown, hair-like, and twisted scales abaxially. Sori round, small, single per segment, terminal on a very short acroscopic branch of veinlet (like dorsal on the single vein of the ultimate segment); indusium firm, dark purple, ovoid, entire and covering the sorus when young, splitting into 23 irregular segments when mature. Spores bearing sometimes prominent long-fold, cristate perispore. n = 82.
Under evergreen broad-leaved forests, or broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests; 21003200 m. Xizang, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Sikkim].
长叶黔蕨 chang ye qian jue
Dryopteris neopodophyllum Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 401. 1938; Phanerophlebiopsis neopodophylla (Ching) Ching ex Y. T. Hsieh.
Rhizome thick, creeping, or upper part ascending, densely clothed with blackish brown, linear-lanceolate scales. Fronds 4786 cm; stipe 2460 cm, and to 5 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, glabrescent upwards; lamina papery, turned gray when dried, glabrous but dull adaxially, ovate-oblong, 2334 Χ 1624 cm, apex ended with a terminal pinna, 1-pinnate; lateral pinnae 58 pairs, alternate or the basal pair opposite, obliquely spreading, petiolated, linear-lanceolate, 817 Χ 1.42.8 cm, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate, margin with short coarse teeth, each tooth with 2-4 cartilaginous aristate tipps; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones or sometimes in a lightly bigger size; veins pinnate, veinlets 23 pairs in each set of lateral veins, veinlets single or forked, visible on both surfaces, sparsely bearing brown or blackish hair-like scales abaxially. Sori in 23 rows on both sides of the lamina axis (main vein), subterminal on veinlets for the row next to the main vein, dorsal on middle or proximal part of the veinlets for others; indusia brown, membraneous, and fugacious.
* In forested valleys; 8001300 m. Guangxi (??), Guizhou, Yunnan (??).
粗齿黔蕨 cu chi qian jue
Aspidium blinii Lιveillι, Fl. Kouy-Tchιou 456. 1915; Arachniodes coadunata (Ching) T. Nakaike; A. duplicatoserrata (Ching) T. Nakaike; A. kweichowensis (Ching) T. Nakaike; A. neofalcata T. Nakaike; Phanerophlebiopsis blinii (Lιveillι) Ching; P. coadunata Ching ; P. duplicatoserrata Ching ; P. falcata Ching ; P. kweichowensis Ching.
Rhizome thick, creeping, densely clothed with reddish brown, linear-lanceolate scales. Frond (30)50100 cm; stipe 1345 cm, and 23 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, gradually sparsely clothed or glabrescent upwards; lamina thinly leathery, grayish green when dried, glabrous on both surfaces or axes sparsely bearing brown, linear scales abaxially , shiny adaxially, oblong or lanceolate, 1655 Χ 922 cm, apex with a distinct terminal pinna or acuminate, 1-pinnate; (lateral) pinnae 613 pairs, alternate or lower pairs opposite, spreading or slightly ascendingly spreading, petiolated, broadly to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 615 Χ 1.53 cm, base symmetric or nearly so, cuneate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate, margin grossly serrate, crenate, or shallowly lobed, teeth or lobes usually with 15 cartilaginous aristate tipps; veins pinnate, veinlets 24 pairs in each set of lateral veins, veinlets single or forked. Sori terminal or subterminal on veinlets, in 13 rows on both sides of lamina axis (main vein); indusia brown, membranaceous, and fugacious.
* Under evergreen forests, more often in valleys and damp shady places, especially growing on acidic soils; 5001600 m. Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi.
It is much variable for the size of frond, the nature of lamina apex (whether acuminate or with a distinct terminal pinna), the division on the margin of pinna, and the rows of sori on both size of lamina axis. Field observation revealed that these variations are continuous and can exist on leaves coming from the same rhizome. Hence no conclusive characters can be used as stable to distinguish the above mentioned synonyms, which were accepted in FRPS (5(1): 96100. 2000). Arachniodes intermedia (Ching) T. Nakaike (J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 49: 13. 2001; Phanerophlebiopsis intermedia Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 72. 1987) and A. neohunnanensis T. Nakaike (J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 49: 15. 2001; Phanerophlebiopsis hunnanensis Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 74. 1987) may belong here. The types, both from Hunan (Yongshun Xian), have not been seen, and no other specimens available.
黔蕨 qian jue
Phanerophlebiopsis tsiangiana R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 116, pl. 21, f. 57. 1965; Dryopteris tsiangiana (Ching) R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon.
Rhizome long creeping, densely clothed with brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds 4558 cm; stipe 2025 cm, and 23 mm in diam., stramineous, base acaly as rhizome, glabrescent upwards; lamina papery or thinly leathery, turned grayish green when dried, glabrous on both surfaces or bearing sporadic brown linear-lanceolate scales along axes abaxially, broadly lanceolate, 2033 Χ 1012 cm, toward aprx acuminate and ended with a distinct terminal pinna, 1-pinnate; lateral pinnae 68 pairs, alternate or lower pairs opposite, spreading, petiolated, lanceolate, 78 Χ 1.52 cm, base symmetric, cunneate, apex acuminate, margin, crenulate-serrulate, teeth non-aristate; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones in size, usually forked at base; veins pinnate, veinlets often 2 pairs in each set of lateral veins, veinlets single or forked. Sori terminal on veinlets, in 2 rows on both sides of the pinna axis (main vein); indusia brown, membraneous, and fugacious.
* In shady damp places under evergreen broad-leaved forests; 400700 (or to1300) m. SE Guizhou.
大片复叶耳蕨 da pian fu ye er jue
Aspidium cavalerii H. Christ, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 13: 116. 1904; Arachniodes acuminata Ching & C. H. Wang; A. baiseensis Ching; A. guangxiensis Ching; A. obtusiloba Ching & C. H. Wang; A. pseudocavalerii Ching; A. sphaerosora (Tagawa) Ching; A. triangularis Ching; Byrsopteris cavalerii (H. Christ) Sa. Kurata; Dryopteris cavalerii (H. Christ) C. Christensen; D. sphaerosora Tagawa; Polystichopsis cavalerii (H. Christ) Tagawa; Rumohra cavalerii (H. Christ) Ching.
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, apex scaly; scales yellow or dark brown, lanceolate, 12.5 Χ 0.20.4 cm, firmly papery, somewhat clockwise twisted. Fronds approximate (at short intervals), 0.51.1 m; stipe 3065 cm and 36 mm in diam., stramineous, base moderately scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent; lamina leathery, yellowish green when dried, ovate-deltoid, 2550 Χ 2035 cm, base cuneate or rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate and pinnatifid, 3-pinnate; primary pinnae (1)35-pairs, alternate, 13 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, neighboring, lowest pinna deltoid or oblong-deltoid, 1528 Χ 1015 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules 59 pairs, 0.51.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, basal basiscopic one elongated, lanceolate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked, deltoid-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 47 Χ 1.53 cm, base acroscopic oblique-truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acuminate, caudate-acuminate, acute, (or obtuse), margin pinnatifid, coarsely serrate or crenate; lobes or serration blunt (or acute), hardly ended in mucronate apex; upper pinnae triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate, often 1-pinnate; axes and veins of ultimate pinnules (or segments) occasionally with sparse glandular hairs or brown minute scales abaxially. Sori globose, dorsal on veinlets, 35(7) pairs per ultimate segment, closer to midvein (or ultimate segment) posited; indusia brown, membranous or thickening with age, entire, sometimes dorsally with glandular hairs.
Along streams under dense woods, in shaded ravines, or even on moss-covered rocks by flowing water in open places mixed with Dicranopteris pedata; (200)4001600 m. Anhui(??), Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [Japan, N Thailand].
美丽复叶耳蕨 mei li fu ye er jue
Rumohra amoena Ching, Sinensia 5: 4041, t. 1. 1934; Polystichum amabile var. controversum Hance ex Y.C. Wu.
Rhizome creeping or ascending, wood-like stiff, 11.5 cm in diam., apex scaly; scales shiny castaneous, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 Χ 3 mm, firmly papery. Fronds distant or approximate, 0.41.1 m; stipe 2060 cm and 48 mm in diam., brownish stramineous, base with a tuft of imbricate scales as rhizome, upward sparsely scaly, or throughout the lamina rachis glabrescent and glossy; lamina papery, dark brown when dried, ovate-oblong or ovate-pentagonal, 2060 Χ 2545 cm, base rounded, cordate, or hastate, apex caudate and forming a stalked terminal pinna resembling its adjacent lateral ones, 3-pinnate(pinnatifid); pinnae (1)36(or 7) pairs, alternate, 11.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-ovate, 2025 Χ 1522 cm, apex caudate as a pinnate pinna, 2-pinnate; pinnules 1525 pairs, proximal 1 or 2 pairs elongated and ca. 1 cm stalked, distally sessile, elongated pinnules 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 1020 pairs, shortly stalked or sessile, spreading, oblong, 12.5 Χ 0.50.8 cm, base acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse, margin especially on acroscopic side lobed or serrate, teeth apex aristate, proximal pair(s) sometimes longer and deeply pinnatifid; upper 1 or 2(or 3) pairs of pinnae with proximal pinnules elongated; axes and veins of ultimate segments occasionally with brown lanceolate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 35 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the margin and mainvein of the ultimate segment; indusia brown, membranous, entire, and fugacious.
* On shaded moss-covered rocks or ravines by streams, or on ground under woods or shrubs; 4001700 m. Anhui(??), Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan(??), Zhejiang.
中越复叶耳蕨 zhong yue fu ye er jue
Rumohra tonkinensis Ching, Sinensia 5: 52. 1934; Arachniodes obtusipinnula Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. subamoena Ching; Rumohra callipteris C. Christensen.
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, apex scaly; scales castaneous and lustrous, ovate-lanceolate, 59(15) Χ 23 mm, thinly papery and spreading. Fronds approximate, 6095 cm; stipe 3050 cm and ca. 4 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout the lamina rachis sparsely clothed or glabrescent, glossy; lamina papery, brownish when dried, deltoid-ovate or ovate-pentagonal, 3055 Χ 2530 cm, base rounded or slightly hastate, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate-acuminate, 3- or 4-pinnate; pinnae 35 pairs, alternate, 14 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid, 1522 Χ 1217 cm, base rounded or cordate, apex caudate-acuminate, 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnules 1520 pairs, basal pair enlarged, ca. 1 cm stalked, and usually 2-pinnate with basal pair of penultimate pinnules 1-pinnate, distally abruptly shortened, shortly stalked, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules sessile, rhombic-oblong, 11.5 Χ 0.50.9 cm, base obliquely cuneate, apex obtuse, margin acroscopic deeply pinnatifid with basal one lobe free, lobes with 35 sharp teeth; upper 1(or 2) pairs of pinnae with proximal pair of pinnules elongated, upward triangular-lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segments with sparse brown lanceolate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 13 pairs per ultimate segment; indusia brown, firmly membranous, entire, and fugacious.
Under broad-leaved or mixed forests; 12001700 m. W Hunan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
粗裂复叶耳蕨 cu lie fu ye er jue
Rumohra grossa Tardieu & C. Christensen, Not. Syst.(Paris) 7: 85. 1938.
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, 35 cm in diam, apex tufted-scaly; scales reddish brown, hairlike, to 2.5 Χ 0.1 cm, tortuous or twisted, spreading but soft when touched. Fronds approximate, 0.71 m; stipes 3555 cm and 56 mm in diam., stramineous, base and lower parts scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent; lamina leathery, shiny brownish when dried, ovate-deltoid, 3550 Χ 2235 cm, base rounded cuneate, apex acuminate and pinnatifid, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnate pinnae 24(7) pairs, alternate or lower 1 or 2 pairs opposite, to 1.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, to 28 Χ 15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex long acuminate, 1-pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; pinnules or lobes 1015 pairs, proxial ones shortly stalked, separated pinnules lanceolate, proximal basiscopic one sometimes much longer than others, to 10 Χ 1.8 cm, base obliquely cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate, margin deeply pinnatifid, other pinnules or lobes ca. 2 Χ 1 cm, margin pinnatifid or crenate; lobes apex acute or obtuse and ended with shortly mucronate tip, margin serrulate; upper pinnae lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segments with a few brown subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal on veinlets, 1 or 2 rows per side of the mainvein of the ultimate segment, medial between the margin and mainvein; indusia dark brown, papery, and entire.
Under open forests, on wet moss-covered rocks or cliffs along streams, even on arid steep slopes; 5001100 m. S Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan [N Vietnam].
国楣复叶耳蕨 guo mei fu ye er jue
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, 2.53.5 cm in diam, apex tufted-scaly; scales reddish brown, narrowly lanceolate and apex threadlike, to 1.5 Χ 0.3 cm, tortuous or twisted, broader scales margin denticulate. Fronds approximate, 7595 cm; stipe 3548 cm and ca. 7 mm in diam, brownish stramineous, base and lower parts densely scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout the lamina rachis scales turning sparse and diminishing to subulate; lamina thinly papery, obscurely dark green when dried, deltoid-oblong or broadly lanceolate, 4555 Χ 2430 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate and pinnatifid, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnate pinnae ca 11 pairs, alternate or lower 1 or 2 pairs opposite, to 1.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lower 3 or 4 pairs oblong-lanceolate, to 25 Χ 8 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnules ca. 16 pairs, proximal ones shortly stalked, lanceolate and slightly falcate, to 5 Χ 1.5 cm, base acroscopic truncate and basiscopic cuneate, margin deeply pinnatifid; lobes to 9 pairs, oblong, to 1.2 Χ 0.5 cm, apex sharpened with mucronate tip, margin entire or serrulate; upper pinnae deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, gradually reduced; axes and veins of ultimate segements moderately with red-brown threadlike subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 15 pairs per ultimate segment, closer to mainvein than to segment margin; indusia dark brown, thickly membranous, and entire.
*Moist valleys or flat lands under dense rain forests, or on slopes under broad-leaved forests; 600800(1700) m. S Yunnan (Malipo & Mengla).
台湾复叶耳蕨 tai wan fu ye er jue
Polystichum globisorum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 193. 1914; Arachniodes arisanica (Rosenstock) Ching; A. guangnanensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. maguanensis Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. menglianensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. spinoserrulata Ching; Polystichum arisanicum Rosenstock; Rumohra arisanica (Rosenstock) Ching; R. globisora (Hayata) H. Itτ.
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, 36 cm in diam., apex densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-lanceolate, 11.5 cm Χ 0.52 mm, upper parts threadlike and tortuose, thin and soft. Fronds approximate, (0.6)0.81.2(1.5) m; stipe 4575 cm and 35 mm in diam., brownish or stramineous, base tufted with scales as rhizome, upward scales moderate or sparse and diminishing, upper parts and throughout the lamina rachis glabrescent; lamina papery or thickening with age, obscurely dark brown when dried, ovate-deltoid, 4070 Χ 3050 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate and pinnatifid, caudate-ended, or abruptly narrowed and acuminate, 3- or 4-pinnate; pinnate pinnae (5)812 pairs, alternate, to 3.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid, to 30 Χ 20 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, 2- or 3-pinnate; stalked pinnules ca. 10 pairs, lanceolate or oblong, basal basiscopic one often longer, to 20 Χ 6 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate and with caudate end, (1- or)2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules ca. 10 pairs, shortly stalked, ovate-lanceolate, to 4.5 Χ 2 cm, base rounded or broad cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules nearly sessile, oblong or obliquely rhomboid, to 12 Χ 6 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, margin shallowly pinnatifid, lobe tipped with 2 or 3 mucronate sharp teeth; pinnules of any order separate and not pectinate; upper pinnae gradually reduced; axes and veins of ultimate segments with brown and linear minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal (or subdorsal) on veinlets, 46 pairs per ultimate segment, closer to mainvein than tha margin; indusia brown, firmly membranous, often denticulate on margin.
On moist slopes by streamlets under forests, sometimes under bamboos, also found in thickets along roadsides, or occasionally on steep moss-covered rocks; 10002000 m. Taiwan, S Yunnan [N Thailand, N Vietnam].
清秀复叶耳蕨 qing xiu fu ye er jue
Rumohra spectabilis Ching, Sinensia 5: 58. 1934; Arachniodes nitidula Ching.
Rhizome ascending, wood-like stiff, 35 cm in diam., apex densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-lanceolate or threadlike, 1.52.5 cm Χ 0.52 mm, tortuous and soft. Fronds approximate, 0.91.5 m; stipe 5075 cm and ca. 6 mm in diam., stramineous, base tufted with scales as rhizome, upward scales sparse and diminishing; lamina subleathery, shiny brownish green when dried, ovate-oblong or ovate-pentagonal, 4075 Χ 3540 cm, base rounded-cuneate, toward apex slightly narrowed and acuminate, 4-pinnate; stalked pinnae ca. 10 pairs, alternate or lowest pair opposite, obliquely spreading, nearly imbricate, lowest pinna broadly deltoid-lanceolate, to 35 Χ 25 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; stalked pinnules ca. 12 pairs, deltoid-oblong, distally lanceolate, proximal basiscopic 1 or 2 slightly elongated, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules to 20 pairs, deltoid or linear-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate with caudate end, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, pectinate, oblique-oblong, ca 12 Χ 4 mm, base acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse, margin sharply serrate, teeth hardly mucronate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of ultimate segments sparsely with brown linear minute scales abaxially. Sori large, terminal (or subdorsal) on veinlets, 14 pairs per ultimate segment, medial betwwn margin and mainvein; indusia dark brown, subleathery, and entire.
On slopes under broad-leaved forests or by streamlets, also found on dry slopes under open forests, occasionally under bamboos; (600)12001800 m. S Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, E Nepal (??), N Thailand].
高大复叶耳蕨 gao da fu ye er jue
Rhizome ascending, 810 cm in diam., apex densely scaly; scales reddish brown, narrowly lanceolate to threadlike, to 3.5 cm Χ 1.53 mm, often tortuous and soft when touched. Fronds approximate, 1.21.7(2.5) m; stipe 6090 cm and ca. 8 mm in diam., stramineous, base tufted with scales as rhizome, lower parts moderately with subulate scales, and mixed with broad lanceolate, remotely serrulate-margined thicker scales along both sides of adaxial groove, upward scales sparse and diminishing; lamina thinly papery, obscurely greenish when dried, broadly ovate, 6090 Χ 4570 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, (4- or)5-pinnate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, alternate, to 10 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lower 1 or 2(4) pairs ovate-deltoid, base rounded, apex acuminate, 4-pinnate; first and second order pinnules proximally broadly lanceolate and stalked, distally linear-lanceolate and sessile; penultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong, to 2.5 Χ 1 cm, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 4 or 5 pairs, sessile, pectinate, oblong, 56 Χ 22.5 mm, base obliquely cuneate, apex sharply serrate; axes veins of ultimate segments with a few brown subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori small, 24 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between mainvein and margin; indusia dark brown, membranous, and entire.
* Moist slopes by streamlets under broad-leaved forests, or in forested deep valleys; 11001800 m. S and W Yunnan.
海南复叶耳蕨 hai nan fu ye er jue
Rumohra hainanensis Ching, Sinensia 5: 44. 1934.
Rhizome short creeping, wood-like stiff, 23 cm in diam., wood-like stiff and clumpy, apex densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-lanceolate or apical hairlike, to 2 cm Χ 1.5 mm, spreading and soft when touched. Fronds approximate, dimorphic, 3060 cm. Sterile fronds 3045 cm; stipe 1320 cm and ca. 2.5 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward scales sparse, appressed and diminishing; lamina subleathery, yellowish brown when dried, deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2530 Χ 1015 cm, base rounded-cuneate, toward apex attenuate and acuminate, 2-pinnate; stalked pinnae 1520 pairs, alternate or lower pairs opposite, spreading, lanceolate or deltoid-oblong, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, lower 15(7) pairs 1-pinnate; pinnules 58 pairs, shortly stalked, oblong, to 2 Χ 0.8 cm, base acroscopic truncate and hardly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse, margin serrate or crenate, teeth mucronate tipped; axies of lamina, pinna and pinnules sparsely with brown, threadlike minute scales abaxially. Fertile fronds to 60 cm; stipe often 1/3 longer than lamina; lamina similar to that of sterile fronds in shape and dissection, but strongly contracted with much shorter and narrower pinnae. Sori small, terminal on veinlets, approximate, 48 pairs per ultimate segment, closer to the mainvein than the margin; indusia dark brown, membranous, ciliate or irregularly denticulate on margin.
*On shaded wet moss-covered rocks under dense or open forests, also in thickets or on arid cliffs (in crevices) by streams; 400500 m. Hainan.
Arachniodes dimorphophyllum (Hayata) Ching, the most closely related species of this fern, is reportedly distributed in Taiwan. However, without available specimens, it is not included here and reserved for further verification.
长尾复叶耳蕨 chang wei fu ye er jue
Aspidium aristatum var. simplicius Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 65. 1901; Arachniodes aristatissima Ching; A. calcarata Ching; A. fujiangensis Ching; A. jiulunshanensis Ching; A. liyangensis Ching & Y. C. Lan; A. parasimplicior Ching ex Y. T. Hsieh; A. tibetana Ching & S. K. Wu; A. yasu-inouei Sa. Kurata; Byrsopteris simplicior (Makino) Sa. Kurata; Polystichopsis simplicior (Makino) Tagawa; Polystichum aristatum var. simplicior (Makino) Matsumura; P. simplicius (Makino) Tagawa; Rumohra simplicior (Makino) Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, apex densely scaly; scales (reddish or dark) brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate, ca. 8 Χ 0.51.5 mm, base often remotely fimbriate, apex hairlike and often tortuose, firmly membranous. Fronds proximate, 0.41.1 cm; stipe 2065 cm and ca. 3 mm in diam., stramineous; base scaly as rhizome, upward scales diminishing or glabrescent; lamina firmly papery or leathery, pale green when dried, ovate-oblong, deltoid-ovate, or pentagonal, 2060 Χ 1540 cm, base rounded, cordate, or hastate, apex abruptly caudate and forming a stalked terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones, (2- or)3-pinnate; lateral pinnae 25(or 6) pairs, alternate or lowest pair opposite, to 2.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna obliquely deltoid, to 28 Χ 15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, to 1 cm stalked, basal pair elongated, basiscopic one longer, to 15 Χ 2.2 cm, lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate, larger frond with proximal 2 pairs of pinnules elongated; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong or larger ones slightly falcate, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.6 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, margin sharply serrate (or shallowly pinnatifid), teeth apex aristate; upper 13 pairs of pinnae with basal pair of pinnules prolonged, other lateral pinnae shorter and lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segments with (dark) brown subulate appressed minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 16 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin or closer to the margin; indusia (dark) brown, membranous, and entire. 2n=82@.
On moist slopes under broad-leaved forests or bamboos, or occurring on moist rocks or cliffs (in crevices) by streams, also found in thickets mixed with grass or in open places near forest; 2001800 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong (??), Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan(??), Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SW Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
紫云山复叶耳蕨 zi yun shan fu ye er jue
Arachniodes pseudosimplicior Ching; A. shuangbaiensis Ching; A. yunqiensis Y. T. Hsieh.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, apex densely scaly; scales (reddish or dark) brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate, ca. 8 Χ 0.51.5 mm, base often remotely fimbriate, apex hairlike, firmly membranous. Fronds approximate, 0.91.3 m; stipe 5070 cm and 34 mm in diam., stramineous (or blackish brown near base), lower parts scaly as rhizome, upward scales sparse and diminishing, or throughout rachis glabrescent; lamina papery, greenish when dried, shiny on adaxial surface, ovate-oblong, 4060 Χ 3045 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and forming a stalked caudate terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones, 4-pinnate; lateral pinnae 57 pairs, alternate or lower 1(3) pairs opposite, to 3 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna ovate-deltoid, ca. 30 Χ 25 cm, base cordate, rounded, or cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate, 3-pinnate; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, proximal 2(or 3) pairs elongated, deltoid-lanceolate, to 20 Χ 4 cm, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules ca. 16 pairs, to 0.5 cm stalked, linear-lanceolate or oblong, proximal basiscopic (or both sides) prolonged, to 4.5 Χ 1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute, 1-pinnate; ultimate shortly stalked or sessile, oblong or falcate, 13 Χ 0.51 cm, base acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, margin sharply serrate or pinnatifid, teeth apex aristate; upper 2 or 3 pairs of pinnae with proximal 1(or 2) pairs of pinnule prolonged, other pinnae shortened and linear-lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segments sparsely with brown subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 16 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the marin or closer to margin; indusia brown, membranous, and entire.
*Along gullies under broad-leaved forests or by streams on shaded slopes; 4001800(2300) m. Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
This fern differs from its closest affinity Arachnioides simplicior (Makino) Ohwi in its larger size and once more dissection of lowest pinna; however, its immature fronds are inseparable from the latter.
长羽复叶耳蕨 chang yu fu ye er jue
Arachniodes pseudolongipinna Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales blackish brown, linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 Χ 0.51.5 mm, apical attenuate and hairlike, firmly membranous and spreading. Fronds approximate, 7085 cm; stipe 3045 cm and 35 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis moderately with dark brown subulate and remotely denticulate-based appressed scales; lamina papery, obscurely greenish when dried, oblong, 4045 Χ 2025 cm, base cuneate, apex suddenly narrowed and elongated caudate-acuminate as a terminal pinna, 2- or 3-pinnate; lateral pinnae 46 pairs, alternate or lower 1(or 2) pairs opposite, to 1 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, distant, lowest pinna deltoid or linear-lanceolate, ca. 23 Χ 48 cm , base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1- or 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 30 pairs, contiguous, shortly stalked, linear-lanceolate or oblong distally and subfalcate, ca. 3 Χ 0.7 cm, base acroscopic truncate and basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, margin pinnatifid or serrate, teeth apex aristate, sometimes proximal one pair or basiscopic one elongated, to 8 Χ 2 cm and 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong and slightly falcate, ca. 6 Χ 3 mm; upper pinnae diminishing and linear-lanceolate, terminal pinna 2125 Χ ca. 5 cm; axes and veins of the ultimate segments with dark brown, expanding-based, and denticulate-margined subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal on veinlets, 68 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin or closer to the midvein; indusia brown, firmly papery, entire or erose.
*Under forests; 10001100 m. Guangxi (Lingyun).
刺头复叶耳蕨 ci tou fu ye er jue
Polypodium aristatum G. Forster, Flor. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 82. 1786; Arachniodes carvifolia (Kunze) Ching; A. exilis (Hance) Ching; A. fengyangshanensis Ching & C. F. Zhang ex Y. T. Hsieh; A. lushanensis Ching; A. maoshanensis Ching; A. michelii (H. Lιv.) Ching ex Y. T. Hsieh; Aspidium aristatum (G. Forst.) Sw.; A. carvifolium Kunze; A. exile Hance; Byrsopteris aristata (G. Forst.) C. V. Morton; Dryopteris aristata (G. Forst.) Kuntze; D. michelii H. Lιveillι; Lasterea aristata (G. Forst.) T. Moore; Nephrodium aristatum (G. Forst.) C. Presl; Polystichopsis aristata (G. Forst) Holtt.; Polystichum aristatum (G. Forst.) C. Presl; Rumohra aristata (G. Forst.) Ching; R. carvifolia (Kunze) Ching.
Rhizome long creeping, 58 mm in diam., wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-subulate, ca. 5 Χ 1 mm, base remotely fimbriate, apical attenuate or hairlike, and firmly membranous. Fronds distant, 4080 cm; stipe 2140 cm and 23 mm in diam., base densely scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis moderately with threadlike appressed scales; lamina papery or leathery, shiny green or brownish when dried, ovate-pentagonal or deltoid-pentagonal, 2035 Χ 1425 cm, base cuneate or nearly truncate, apex abruptly narrowed and elongated deltoid-acuminate, 3-pinnate(pinnatifid); pinnate pinnae (3 or)46(10) pairs, alternate, 0.51.2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid, 1218 Χ 812 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules 1522 pairs, proximal basiscopic 1 or 2(4) elongated and shortly stalked, 1-pinnate, distally suddenly shortened and nearly sessile, basal acroscopic 1(3) pinnule sometimes prolonged and 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules pectinate, deltoid-oblong, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.7 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, margin serrate or deeply pinnatifid, teeth apex aristate; upper 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae with basal pair of pinnules and often acroscopic one elongated and 1-pinnate or pinnatifid; other pinnae deltoid-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segements moderately with brown linear-subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 58 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, membranous, entire or shortly ciliate. 2n=82@.
Under broad-leaved forests, in moist ravines along streams, sometimes under cypress forests or other coniferous forests; 100800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan??, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan??, Philippines; Australia, Pacific islands].
This fern in China is distinguished by its long-creeping rhizome with fronds arising at distant intervals and its lamina abruptly narrowed toward apex and acuminate. However, fronds with a gradually acuminate apex were occasionally found from other countries, including its type specimen. Whether it is reasonable to use Arachnoides exilis (Hance) Ching for the Chinese ferns still needs further comparison.
中华复叶耳蕨 zhong hua fu ye er jue
Polystichum amabile var. chinensis Rosenstock, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 130. 1914; Arachniodes abrupta Ching; A. australis Y. T. Hsieh; A. caudata Ching; A. chinensis var. cornopteris (Ching) S. K. Wu & H. He; A. cornopteris Ching; A. costulisora Ching; A. cyrtomifolia Ching; A. damiaoshanensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. falcata Ching; A. gijiangensis Ching; A. huapingensis Ching; A. mengziensis Ching; A. nanchuanensis Ching & Z. Y. Liu; A. nibashanensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. semifertilis Ching; A. setifera Ching; A. simplicior var. major (Tagawa) Ohwi; A. yaoshanensis (Y. C. Wu) Serizawa; Polystichopsis chinensis (Rosenstock) Holttum; Polystichum amabile var. yaoshanense Y. C. Wu; P. simplicius var. majus Tagawa; Rumohra chinensis (Rosenstock) Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales (blackish) brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate, ca. 12 Χ 0.51.5 mm, firmly membranous and spreading. Fronds approximate, 0.41.2 m; stipe 1555 cm and 2.55(6) mm in diam., stramineous, base densely scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis copiously with dark (or coal-black) subulate and remotely denticulate based appressed scales; lamina papery or subleathery, dark brown or obscurely green when dried, deltoid-ovate or ovate-oblong, 2565 Χ 1535 cm, base cordate, rounded-truncate, or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, attenuate acuminate (or abruptly narrowed and acuminate), 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 48 pairs, alternate or lower 1(or 2) pairs opposite, to 2.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, distant, neighboring, or imbricate, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, to 22 Χ 12 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1- or 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 17 pairs, to 0.5 cm stalked, linear-lanceolate or oblong, gradually shortened, or proximal 1(or 2) pairs especially basiscopic one elongated, to 12 Χ 3.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate or pinnatifid; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong or falcate, ca. 2 Χ 1 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, margin serrate or pinnatifid, teeth apex aristate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments moderately with (blackish) brown, expanding based and denticulate-margined, and appressed subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinles, 18 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the meinvein and the margin or closer to the mainvein, separate spaced or contiguous when mature; indusia brown, firmly membranous, subentire, and ciliate or lacerate on margin. 2n=82.
On shaded slopes under dense woods, on moist rocks or ravines, more often under evergreen broad-leaved forests; 2001700(2100) m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
This fern morphologically changes greatly in different habitats. Plants under shaded places normally exhibit broader, less dissected, coarser and more closely neighbored segments with contiguous mature sori. Arachniodes lanceolata Ching is similar to this fern in appearance, but judging from scales on the base or stipe and the narrowed shaped lamina, it resembles species of the genus Polystichum Roth. With limited material and without remaining indusia, here this name is reserved for further observations.
金平复叶耳蕨 jin ping fu ye er jue
Arachniodes attenuata Ching; A. chinensis var. jinpingensis (Y. T. Hsieh) S. K. Wu & H. He; A. hekouensis Ching; A. valida Y. T. Hsieh.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-subulate, ca. 8 Χ 0.51.5 mm, firmly membranous. Fronds approximate, 0.71 m; stipe 3045 cm and 36 mm in diam., stramineous; base scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis with (blackish) brown subulate and denticulate-based appressed scales; lamina (firm) papery, obscurely greenish when dried, ovate-oblong, 4556 Χ 2438 cm, base truncate or hastate, apex abruptly narrowed and elongated deltoid-acuminante, 3-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 69 pairs, alternate or lower 1(5) pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, spreading, lowest pinna hastate, 1926 Χ 1215 cm, base rounded, apex suddenly narrowed and acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 24 pairs, shortly stalked, contiguous, lanceolate or distally slightly falcate, proximal 1(or 2) pairs elongated, 1215 Χ 23 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules ca. 17 pairs, shortly stalked or sessile, contiguous, oblong, ca. 1.7 Χ 0.7 cm, base acroscopic obliquely truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, margin serrate or pinnatifid, teeth apex aristate; upper 2(or 3)pinnae with elongated proximal pairs of pinnules, others diminishing and linear-lanceolate; axes and veins of ultimate segements with brown linear-subulate and denticulate-based scales, and sometimes with short multicellular hairs along veins abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 5 or 6 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin, or closer to the mainvein; indusia dark brown, firmly membranous, ciliate or erose when immature, fugacious.
*On slopes under broad-leaved forests, in thickets on shaded slopes, or under arid open forests; 8001500(2100) m. S Yunnan.
缩羽复叶耳蕨 suo yu fu ye er jue
Arachniodes chinensis var. japonica Sa. Kurata, J. Geobot. 13: 99. 1965; A. gradata Ching; A. nanqingensis Ching; A. reducta Y. T. Hsieh & Y. P. Wu.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales dark or reddish brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate, ca. 10 Χ 0.51.5 mm, apical threadlike, firmly membranous and spreading. Fronds approximate, 6595 cm; stipe 3050 cm and 23 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis sparsely with brown subulate and remotely denticulate-based appressed scales; lamina thinly or firmly papery, green when dried, ovate-oblong, 3545 Χ 2430 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 810 pairs, alternate or lower 1(3) pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, (obliquely) spreading, neighboring or imbricate, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, ca. 17 Χ 7 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex (long) acuminate, 1- or 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 17 pairs, shortly stalked, imbricate, basal pair of pinnules as long as or shorter than their neighboring ones, ca. 5 Χ 1.9 cm, lanceolate, base acroscopic truncate and basiscopic cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate or pinnatifid; ultimate pinnules or segment sessile, contiguous, oblong, apex acute or obtuse, margin dentate, teeth apex aristate; upper pinnae diminishing and slightly falcate; axes and veins of ultimate segments densely with brown subulate and denticulate-based minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on ultimate veinlets, 16 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin or closer to mainvein; indusia brown, membranous, and lacerate or denticulate.
Under forests; 300800 m. Fujian (Nanjing Xian), S Zhejiang [Japan].
美观复叶耳蕨 mei guan fu ye er jue
Aspidium speciosum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 5. 1825; Arachniodes austroyunnanensis Ching; A. caudata var. kansuensis Ching; A. emeiensis Ching; A. futeshanensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. guangtongensis Ching; A. huapingensis Ching; A. ishingensis Ching & Y. T. Xie; A. kansuensis (Ching) Y. T. Hsieh; A. multifida Ching; A. neoaristata Ching; A. pseudoaristata (Tagawa) Ohwi; A. sichuanensis Ching; A. sino-aristata Ching; A. sparsa Ching; A. sporadosora (Kunze) Nakaike; A. subaristata Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. yandangshanensis Y. T. Hsieh; Aspidium affine Wallich ex Mettenius; A. cornucervi D. Don; A. sporadosorum Kunze; Byrsopteris pseudoaristata (Tagawa) Sa. Kurata); B. speciosa (D. Don) C. V. Morton; Dryopteris speciosa (D. Don) C. Christensen; Polystichopsis pseudoaristata (Tagawa) Tagawa; Polystichum pseudoaristatum Tagawa; P. speciosum (D. Don) J. Smith; Rumohra aristata var. pseudoaristata (Tagawa) H. Itτ; R. pseudoaristata (Tagawa) H. Itτ; R. speciosa (D. Don) Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, often clumpy and wood-like stiff, densely scaly; scales brown or dark brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate, 815 Χ 0.51.5 mm, base slightly dentate or ciliate, apex attenuate, margin entire, firmly membranous. Fronds approximate, 0.51.1 m; stipe 2760 cm and 34 mm in diam., (brownish) stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward scales sparse and diminishing but often entire-margined or glabrescent; lamina papery or subleathery, (shiny) brownish when dried, ovate-oblong, ovate-deltoid, (or ovate-pentagonal), 2550 Χ 1835 cm, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex acuminate, or narrowly deltoid, 3- or 4-pinnate; pinnate pinnae ca. 10 pairs, alternate or lower 1(3) pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid or obliquely quadrangular, to 25 Χ 15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnules ca. 16 pairs, deltoid-lanceolate or oblong, proximal basiscopic 1(or 2) slightly longer, to 13 Χ 4.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1- or 2-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong or rhombic, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.7 cm, base acroscopic truncate and slightly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, margin sharply serrate or pinnatifid, teeth apex often aristate; upper pinnae diminishing, often oblong-lanceolate; axes of lamina, pinnae and pinnules (and veins as well) sparsely with (ovate-)lanceolate and apical threadlike minute scales abaxially; sori terminal (or subdorsal) on veinlets, 15 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, membranous, entire, and fugacious. 2n=82@.
By streams under forests, in thickets or under shrubs, sometimes found on shaded moist moss-covered rocks in valleys; below 1001900 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Japan, Nepal, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam].
According to Fraser-Jenkins, the correct name of this fern should be Arachniodes cornucervi (D. Don) Fraser-Jenkins (Taxon. Revis. Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes 323. 2008) and the name adopted here is a misapplication and shoud stand for the group of fern we use the name as A. coniifolia (T. Moore) Ching as follows. Without seeing the lectotype by Fraser-Jenkins, here we can not determine if the his interpretation of D. Dons names is better than Chings.
This is a rather variable fern in frond size, lamina shape, and margin of ultimate segments under different habitats; it also shows to some extent morphological differences among fertile and sterile fronds or pinnae of the same frond, sterile frond or pinnae often with wider lamina or pinnules and longer awns along margins of ultimate segments.
细裂复叶耳蕨 xi lie fu ye er jue
Lastrea coniifolia T. Moore, Index Filic. 88. 1857 (nom. cons.); Arachniodes foeniculacea Ching; Aspidium coniifolium Wallich ex Kunze; Byrsopteris coniifolia (T. Moore) C. V. Morton; Rumohra wallichii Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, clumpy and wood-like stiff, apex densely scaly; scales blackish brown, linear-subulate, to 9 Χ 1 mm, apical attenuate or hairlike, firmly membranous. Fronds approximate, 0.81.2 m; stipe 4565 cm and 36 mm in diam., stramineous, lower parts densely scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis moderately with smaller scales; lamina thinly papery, yellowish green when dried, oblong-ovate, 3560 cm Χ 2540 cm, base rounded or slightly cordate, apex acuminate, 4(or 5)-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 1015 pairs, alternate or lowest pair opposite, to 2.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, 3040 Χ 1217 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 3(or 4)-pinnate; pinnules 1218 pairs, to 1.2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, basal basiscopic one broadly lanceolate, to 14 Χ 4 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 2(or 3)-pinnate; penultimate pinnules 1012 pairs, shortly stalked, deltoid-lanceolate, proximal ones ca. 3.5 Χ 1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules sessile, oblong, 710 Χ 35 mm, base obliquely cuneate with acroscopic side produced, apex obtuse, margin sharply serrate or pinnatifid, teeth hardly mucronate, larger plants with proximal pinnules further 1-pinnate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments with scattered darkish hairlike minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal on veinlets, 13 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, membranous, entire, and fugacious.
Shaded or moist places along streams, under woods or bamboos, rarely under subalpine fir forests; (900)11002600(2900) m. Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand??].
华南复叶耳蕨 hua nan fu ye er jue
Aspidium festinum Hance, J. Bot. 21: 269. 1883; Acrorumohra dissecta Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; Arachniodes erythrosora Ching; Dryopteris fargesii (H. Christ) C. Christensen; D. festina (Hance) C. Christensen; Rumohra festina (Hance) Ching.
Rhizome short creeping or ascending, wood-like stiff, apex moderately scaly; scales dark or reddish brown, lanceolate and apex hairlike, 59 Χ 1.52.5 mm, thinly papery. Fronds approximate or tufted, 0.71.2 m; stipe 3055 cm and 35 mm in diam., stramineous, base moderately scaly, toward rachis glabrescent; lamina herbaceous, dark green when dried, ovate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, 3065 Χ 1830 cm, base rounded or slightly cordate, apex acuminate, 4-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 511 pairs, alternate, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, contiguous, lowest pinna deltoid, 1425 Χ 612 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; pinnules 1220 pairs, shortly stalked, basal basiscopic one larger, oblong-lanceolate, 614 Χ 25 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules 1016 pairs, proximal ones shortly stalked, deltoid or oblong-ovate, 1.23 Χ 0.81.5 cm, base acroscopic rounded-truncate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 3 or 4 pairs, sessile, ovate-deltoid, 512 Χ ca. 4 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, margin coarsely 35-dentate, teeth apex acute or blunt, hardly mucronate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments with few scattered brown hairlike minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal (or subdorsal) on veinlets, 24(or 5) pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown or reddish brown, thickly membranous, and entire.
*Moist slopes by streams, under dense woods or in thickets on roadsides; 5001200(1800) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, S Sichuan, Yunnan, Taiwan.
This fern is the closest affinity of Arachniodes standishii (T. Moore) Ohwi, which is distributed in Japan and Korea.
黑鳞复叶耳蕨 hei lin fu ye er jue
Polystichum nigrospinosum Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 191. 1931; Rumohra nigrospinosa (Ching) Ching.
Rhizome short creeping, wood-like stiff, apex densely scaly; scales coal-black, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, to 12 Χ 12.5 mm, apical attenuate and hairlike, firm, thick. Fronds approximate, 0.81.2 m; stipe 4565 cm and 36(8) mm in diam., dark stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward and throughout rachis moderately with diminishing blackened scales; lamina thinly herbaceous, dark green when dried, oblong-ovate, 3555 Χ 2832 cm, base cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, 4-pinnate; stalked pinnae ca. 15 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, contiguous, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, to 25 Χ 15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex prolonged-acuminate, 3-pinnate; stalked pinnules ca. 15 pairs, lanceolate or oblong, basal basiscopic one larger, to 14 Χ 4.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules shortly stalked, ovate-oblong, to 3 Χ 1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules ovate-oblong or oblong-rhombic, 810 Χ 56 mm, base acroscopic produced but hardly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, margin coarsely serrate or pinnatifid, lobes apex sharpened, margin 1(or 2) pair(s) of shorter sharp teeth, teeth hardly mucronate; upper pinnae decreasing in size to pinnatifid apex; axes and veins of ultimate segments with a few blackish brown subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal on veinlets, 13 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia dark brown, papery, and entire.
* In ravines, on shaded moist rocks, under forests; 500600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan??.
斜方复叶耳蕨 xie fang fu ye er jue
Aspidium amabile Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae. 2: 165. 1828; Arachniodes amabilis var. fimbriata K. Iwatsuki; A. amabilis var. yakusimensis (H. Itτ) Ohwi; A. rhomboidea (schott) Ching; A. rhomboidea var. yakusimensis (H. Itτ) W. C. Shieh; A. yakusimensis (H. Itτ) Nakaike; Aspidium controversum Hance; A. rhomboideum (Schott) Wallich ex Mettenius; Byrsopteris amabilis (Blume) C. V. Morton; Dryopteris amabilis (Blume) Kuntze; Lastrea amabilis (Blume) T. Moore; Nephrodium amabile (Blume) Handel-Mazzetti; Polystichopsis amabilis (Blume) Tagawa; Polystichum amabile (Blume) J. Smith; P. controversum (Hance) Ching; P. rhomboideum Schott; Rumohra amabilis (Blume) Ching; Rumohra amabilis var. yakusimensis H. Itτ.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 0.81.2 cm in diam., moderately scaly; scales pale brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 79 Χ 24 mm, thin and soft. Fronds distant, 0.41.1 m; stipe 2055 cm and 36 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent or moderately with narrower lanceolate scales; lamina relatively soft, thinly papery and brownish green when dried, oblong-ovate, 2060 Χ 1540 cm, base cuneate, cordate, or hastate, apex abruptly caudate and forming a terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones, 2- or 3-pinnate; lateral pinnae (1)48 pairs, alternate, 11.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest one deltoid-lanceolate, 1525 Χ 59 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 1- or 2-pinnate; pinnules 1025 pairs, shortly stalked, proximal basiscopic 1 or 2(or 3) elongated, (or not prolonged), basal acroscopic one occasionally also elongated, prolonged pinnules 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 515 pairs, rhombic-oblong, 0.82.2 Χ 0.51 cm, base acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute and aristate, margin especially acroscopic sharply serrate, teeth aristate-tipped; upper 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae sometimes with proximal 1(or 2) produced pinnules, other pinnae linear-lanceolate; glabrescent on both surfaces or axes and veins sparsely with brown linear minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, closer to the margin than to the mainvein, 17 pairs per ultimate segment; indusia brown, membranous, and ciliate. 2n=82@.
Along streams or in gullies under forests or bamboos, also found in thickets or shrubs on forest borders, or sometimes on shaded moist rocks or cliffs; below 1002100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka].
假斜方复叶耳蕨 jia xie fang fu ye er jue
Arachniodes caudifolia Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. rhomboidea var. sinica Ching; A. tiendongensis Ching & C. F. Zhang.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy like tender at growing apex, 0.81.3 cm in diam., moderately scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 36(8) Χ 0.52 mm, thin and soft. Fronds distant, 0.81.1 m; stipe 3550 cm and 35 mm in diam., brownish stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, lower parts scales sparse, narrower and spreading, upward and throughout rachis glabrescent or scattered with hairlike subulate and apical curved scales; lamina papery, yellowish brown when dried, ovate-oblong, 4555 Χ 3040 cm, base cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate, forming a conspicuous terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones, 2(or 3)-pinnate-pinnatifid; lateral pinnae (3)58 pairs, alternate, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna linear-lanceolate (or hastate), to 25 Χ 7 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate with caudate end, 1(or 2)-pinnate; pinnules to 25 pairs, spreading, shortly stalked, rhombic-oblong, to 4 Χ 1.2 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, ended with aristate tip, margin pinnatifid and often with basal acroscopic lobe free, lobe apex and its 13 marginal teeth aristate, occasionally basal basiscopic pinnule elongated and 1-pinnate; upper pinnae diminishing; terminal pinnae to 20 Χ 4 cm; axes and veins sparsely with brown, threadlike minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 17 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia dark brown, firmly membranous, and entire. 2n=82.
On slopes by streamlets, under forests or bamboos, also in thickets along open places, sometimes found on shaded wet rocks or in ravines; below 1001800 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
相似复叶耳蕨 xiang si fu ye er jue
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, moderately scaly; scales pale brown, linear-lanceolate, thin and soft. Fronds distant, 90100 cm; stipe 4550 cm and ca. 5 mm in diam., brownish stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent, occasionally with a few pale brown curved threadlike scales; lamina thickly papery, obscurely green when dried, oblong, 5060 Χ 2025 cm, base cuneate, apex suddenly narrowed and forming a terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones, 2-pinnate; pinnae 7 or 8 pairs, 11.5 cm stalked, alternate, strongly ascending (forming an angle of less than 30 degrees with the lamina rachis) , lower 3 or 4 pairs or pinnae similar in shape and size, lanceolate, ca. 19 Χ 3.5 cm, base almost equally sided, broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnules ca. 22 pairs, shortly stalked, spreading, nearly imbricate, obliquely broadly rhombic, ca. 2 Χ 1 cm, basal acroscopic slightly auriculate and basiscopic truncate, apex acute, margin serrate, teeth apex mucronate; upper pinnae slightly shorter, terminal pinna ca. 19 Χ 4 cm; axes of lamina, pinna, and pinnula (and veins as well) sparsely with brown threadlike scales. Sori large, terminal on veinlets, 5 or 6 pairs per ultimate segment, or often basiscopic side proximally fertile, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, firmly membranous, hairy on dorsal surface, and margin entire.
*On slopes under forests; (500)700800 m. Guangdong (Heyuan), SW Zhejiang.
西南复叶耳蕨 xi nan fu ye er jue
Aspidium assamicum Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 108. 1869; Arachniodes basipinnata (Ching) Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. leuconeura Ching; A. suijiangensis Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; A. xinpingensis Ching; A. yaomashanensis Ching; Aspidium aristatum var. assamicum (Kuhn) Baker; Byrsopteris assamica (Kuhn) C. V. Morton; Dryopteris assamica (Kuhn) Rosenstock; D. speciosa var. assamica (Kuhn) C. Christensen; Polystichopsis assamica (Kuhn) Tagawa; Polystichum assamicum (Kuhn) Ching; Rumohra assamica (Kuhn) Ching; R. assamica f. basipinnata Ching.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 1.52 cm in diam., , moderately scaly; scales pale brown, broadly lanceolate or ovate-subulate, 512 Χ 1.53.5 mm, thin and soft. Fronds approximate or distant, 0.51.2 m; stipe 2565 cm and 35 mm in diam., stramineous, scaly as rhizome at base, upward sparsely scaly or glabrescent; lamina papery, pale green when dried, glabrescent, ovate-deltoid, 2560 Χ 2050 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate and usually forming an obvious stalked terminal pinna resembling its lateral ones or slightly wider, 2-pinnate(-pinnatifid); pinnae (1 or)24(6) pairs, alternate, 13 cm stalked, 510 cm apart, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, 2530 Χ 1014 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate(-pinnatifid); separate pinnules 812 pairs, shortly stalked, spreading or slightly ascending, rhombic-lanceolate, occasionally falcate, 510 Χ 1.53.5 cm, base unequally cuneate, apex acuminate, margin pinnatifid; basal basiscopic pinnule sometimes elongated and 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules or lobes apex acute or acumnate, margin serrate, teeth apex mucronate; upper pinnae broadly lanceolate; Sori large, terminal on veinlets, 510 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial or closer to midvein; indusia brownish, firmly membranous, entire.
Along streams under dense woods, bamboos, or shrubs; (700)12002500 m. Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [NE India, Myanmar, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
东洋复叶耳蕨 dong yang fu ye er jue
Aspidium yoshinagae Makino, Bot. Mag.(Tokyo) 13: 57. 1899; Phanerophlebiopsis bipinnata S. F. Wu; Polystichum yoshinagae (Makino) Makino.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 12 cm in diam, moderately scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lancoelate, 58 Χ 1.53.5 cm, membranous and soft. Fronds distant or approximate, 6095 cm; Stipe 2545 cm and 35 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome,upper parts sparsely with narrower scales, glabrescent throughout rachis; lamina firmly papery, yellowish green when dried, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3560 Χ 1525 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, (1- or)2-pinnate; separated pinnae 1013 pairs, alternate, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, distantly apart, lower 1 or 2(4) pairs 1-pinnate or only deeply pinnatifid, lowest pinna lanceolate, ca. 18 Χ 4 cm, base obliquely cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; ultimate pinnules or segments oblong, 23 Χ 11.2 cm, basal pair usually smaller, base cuneate with acroscopic side slightly broader, basiscopic decurrent, apex acute, margin coarsely serrate, teeth apex mucronate or aristate; upper pinnae gradually shorter and sometimes slightly falcate; axes and veins with a few dark brown hairlike minute scales abaxially. Sori large, terminal on veinlets, 26 pairs per ultimate segment, medial betweem the mainvein and the margin; indusia dark brown, firmly membranous, and entire.
Along streams under forests; 7001200 m. Chongqing (Simian Shan), Hunan (Sangzhi, Yizhang) [Japan].
This fern differs from Arachnioides assaminca (Kuhn) Ohwi in lamina longer than stipe, oblong in outline and not forming an obvious terminal pinna resembling its adjacent lateral pinnae, and in lateral pinnae linear-lanceolate with ultimate segments decurrent and basal acroscopic side hardly auriculate. These characters were not observed in the field within populations of the latter.
假西南复叶耳蕨 jia xi nan fu ye er jue
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, moderately scaly; scales pale brown, broadly lanceolate, thin and soft. Fronds distant or approximate, to 1 m; stipe 4060 cm and 2.53 mm in diam., brown-stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent; lamina papery, brownish green when dried, glabrescent on both surfaces, ovate-oblong, ca. 40 Χ 25 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and forming an acuminate terminal pinna, 2-pinnate; lateral pinnae ca. 4 pairs, alternate or lower 1 or 2 pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, lowest pinna to 20 Χ 67 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnules ca. 22 pairs, proximal ones shortly stalked, spreading, rhombic-oblong, to 4 Χ 1.3 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, margin broadly serrate or pinnatifid, lobes or teeth apex sharply tipped or mucronate; upper pinnae diminishing; terminal pinna to 20 Χ 10 cm, with ca. 12 spreading acroscopic pinnatifid pinnules; Sori small, terminal on veinlets, 14 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, firmly membranous, and entire.
*Under dense broad-leaved forests; (500)10001300 m. Yunnan (Xishuangbanna).
This species is intermediate between Arachnioides assamica (Kuhn) Ohwi and A. hekiana Sa Kurata in appearance, but it differs from the former in the caudate terminal pinna, and from the latter in much broader pinnae and firmer texture.
武陵山复叶耳蕨 wu ling shan fu ye er jue
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale brown, broadly lanceolate, 35 Χ 1.52 mm, thin and soft. Fronds approximate, to 80 cm; stipe to 35 cm and ca. 4 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward scales sparse and narrower, and glabrescent throughout rachis; lamina thinly papery, yellowish green when dried, ovate-oblong, ca. 45 Χ 20 cm, base cuneate, upper parts abruptly narrowed, apex forming an acuminate terminal pinna much broader than its lateral ones, 2-pinnate; lateral pinnae ca. 6 pairs, lower 2 pairs opposite, others alternate, 0.51.7 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lower pinnae lanceolate, to 18 Χ 4.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnules ca. 15 pairs, spreading, ca. 1.5 cm stalked, obliquely rhombic, slightly falcate, 22.5 Χ ca. 1 cm, basal pair slightly smaller, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate and slightly decurrent, apex acute or acuminate, margin serrate, teeth apex mucronate; upper pinnae similar in appearance, terminal pinna with shallowly pinnatifid pinnules; axes of lamina and pinna (and veins as well) occasionally with a few brown linear minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 68 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia brown, firmly membranous, and entire.
* Under forests; 200400 m. Hunan (Yongshun).
湖南复叶耳蕨 hu nan fu ye er jue
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, ca. 3 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales reddish brown, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 Χ 0.52 mm, thin and soft. Fronds distant, 0.71.1 cm; stipe 4060 cm and ca. 4 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, upward glabrescent; lamina herbaceous, lustrous pale green when dried, elliptic or ovate-oblong, 3550 Χ 2025 cm, base cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and forming a deltoid-acuminate terminal pinna, 2(or 3)-pinnate-pinnatifid; lateral pinnae 46(8) pairs, alternate, to 1.5 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna (linear-)lanceolate, 1518 Χ 44.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 1518 pairs, shortly stalked, spreading, oblong-rhombic, ca. 3.2 Χ 1.5 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute, margin deeply pinnatifid with proximal 1 or 2 pairs of lobes free, occasionally basal basiscopic pinnule prolonged and 1-pinnate; ultimate segments apex acute, margin serrate, teeth apex cuspidate (or mucronate); upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments scattered with brown threadlike minute scales abaxially. Sori large, terminal on veinlets, 13(7) pairs per ultimate segment, closer to the margin than to the mainvein; indusia dark brown, firmly membranous, and entire (or ciliate).
* By streams under dense forests in valleys; ca. 800 m. Hunan (Dao Xian, Ling Xian).
This species frond size and shape is similar to Arachniodes Χ subamabilis Sa. Kurata, which has been accepted as the name of this species by some authors. However, with limited specimens and without cytological evidence, it cannot be sure whether this is a hybrid of the Japanese plant.
中华斜方复叶耳蕨 zhong hua xie fang fu ye er jue
Arachniodes hupingshanensis S. F. Wu in W. T. Wang, Keys Vasc. Pl. Wuling Mount. 572. 1995.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 1.52.2 cm in diam., growing apex fleshy, densely scaly; scales reddish brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, to 8 Χ 13 mm, apically attenuate, thin and soft. Fronds distant, 0.61.1 m; stipe 3060 cm and ca. 5 mm in diam., pale stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, lower parts scales sparse and diminishing, upper parts glabrescent; lamina papery, yellowish green when dried, broadly oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 3050 Χ 2030 cm, base broadly cuneate or cordate, apex abruptly narrowed and long acuminate, 3-pinnate; lateral pinnae 68 pairs, alternate or lower 1(or 2) pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna narrowly deltoid, to 20 Χ 12 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex attenuate, 2-pinnate; pinnules ca. 15 pairs, shortly stalked, lanceolate or distally oblong, proximal basiscopic 1(or 2) elongated, to 9 Χ 4 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules rhombic, shortly stalked or sessile, to 1.5 Χ 0.8 cm, base acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic cuneate or straight, apex acute, margin sharply serrate or pinnatifid, teeth mucronate-tipped; upper 2(or 3) pairs of pinnae with slightly elongated basal pair of pinnules, other pinnae linear-lanceolate and diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments sparsely with brown threadlike minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 14 pairs per ultimate segment, intramarginally posited; indusia brown, papery, entire or shortly ciliate.
*Along streams under mixed forests, or along forest borders; 6001000 m. Guizhou (Guiyang), Hunan (Shimen Xian, Ling Xian), Sichuan (Emei Shan).
In appearance, this species looks like some specimens of Arachniodes Χ subamabilis Sa. Kurata from Japan. But the Japanese plant was proved to be a hybrid between A. amabilis (Blume) Tindale and A. nipponica (Rosenst.) Ohwi, while this Chinese fern is intermediate between A. ambilis (Blume) Tindale and A. simulans (Ching) Ching.
贵州复叶耳蕨 gui zhou fu ye er jue
Polystichum nipponicum Rosenstock, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 190 1914; Arachniodes anshunensis Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; Arachniodes gongshanensis Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; Byrsopteris nipponica (Rosenstock) Sa. Kurata; Polystichopsis nipponica (Rosenst.) Tagawa; Rumohra nipponica (Rosenstock) Ching.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 12.5 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale or reddish brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, to 7 Χ 12.5 mm, apically attenuate, thin and soft. Fronds distant or proximate, 0.71.5 m; stipe 3675 cm and 48 mm in diam., brownish stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, lower parts scales sparser and diminishing, upper parts and throughout rachis glabrescent; lamina often thickly papery and flexible, lustrously yellowish green when dried, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 4075 Χ 2545 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate or slightly attenuate and prolonged deltoid, 3(or 4)-pinnate; pinnate pinnae 68(10) pairs, alternate or lowest 1 or 2 pairs opposite, to 2 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, 1835 Χ ca. 10 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules 1217 pairs, proximal to 8 mm stalked, lanceolate, basal basiscopic one 68 Χ 23 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate, larger fronds with proximal 13 pairs of pinnules 2-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, oblong, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.7 cm, base cuneate, apex acute, margin sharply dentate or pinnatifid, teeth apex mucronate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments with brown, appressed, and articulate hairs, and sparsely mixed with brown, ovate-based or linear minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 2 or 3 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia pale brown, membranous, and entire.
On slopes by streams under broad-leaved forests or in shaded valleys, sometimes under coniferous forests or bamboos; 7002300(2800) m. Chongqing, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Specimens from Guizhou and Yunnan are much larger in size than Japanese ones, and plants distributed in Yunnan occur at ca. 1000 meters higher in elevation.
哀牢山复叶耳蕨 ai lao shan fu ye er jue
Arachniodes jingdungensis Ching.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 2.53 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 Χ 3 mm. Fronds distant, 0.91.2 m; stipe 5055 cm and 35 mm in diam., stramineous or purplish at lower parts, base scaly as rhizome but easily dropping, upward glabrescent; lamina subleathery and firm, pale greenish when dried, ovate-deltoid, 4568 Χ 3045 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; pinnae 1015 pairs, alternate, 1.52 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, approximate or imbricate, lowest pair ovate-oblong, 2935 Χ 1415 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; pinnules 1520 pairs, ca. 1 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, contiguous, lanceolate, proximal pairs 1213 Χ 44.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 1214 pairs, almost sessile, spreading, contiguous, obliquely rhombic, 22.5 Χ ca. 1 cm, base acroscopic slightly auriculate, apex acute, margin acroscopic pinnatifid; lobes obtuse, apex mucronate, margin often further mucronate-tipped serrate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes of lamina, pinna, and pinnule (and veins as well) sometimes remaining a few dark brown subulate minute scales abaxially. Sori large, terminal on veinlets, 47 pairs per ultimate pinnule, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusia dark brown, firmly membranous, and entire.
* Under evergreen broad-leaved forests; 24002500 m. Yunnan (Ailao Shan).
This fern is very closely related to Arachnioides nipponica (Rosenstock) Ohwi, and it also is similar to A. tomitae Sa. Kurata in appearance.
华西复叶耳蕨 hua xi fu ye er jue
Rumohra simulans Ching, Sinensia 5: 54, t. 8. 1934; Arachniodes cantilenae Sa. Kurata; A. centrochinensis Ching; A. chingii Y. T. Hsieh; A. dayaoensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. decomposita Ching; A. elevatas Ching; A. gizushanensis ching; A. guanxianensis Ching; A. jiangxiensis Ching; A. jinfoshanensis Ching; A. lushuiensis Y. T. Hsieh; A. pianmaensis Ching; A. yinjiangensis Ching; A. yunnanensis Ching.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 13 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, to 8 Χ 12 mm, apical attenuate or hairlike, thin and soft. Fronds distant or approximate, 0.71.2(1.4) m; stipe 3860 cm and 46 mm in diam., stramineous, base and lower part densely scaly as rhizome, upward scales diminishing and glabrescent throughout rachis; lamina firmly herbaceous or papery, obscurely pale green when dried, ovate-deltoid, 3260 Χ 2540 cm, base rounded or cordate, apex acuminate (or attenuate), (3- or)4(or 5)-pinnate; pinnate pinnae ca. 10 pairs, alternate, to 3 cm stalked, obliquely spreading, lowest pinna deltoid-lanceolate, to 35 Χ 18 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; pinnules ca. 16 pairs, to 1.2 cm stalked, lanceolate, basal basiscopic one slightly longer, to 14 Χ 4 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules to 0.5 cm stalked, deltoid-oblong or distally oblong-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate or obtuse, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules shortly stalked or sessile, ovate-oblong or rhombic, ca. 1 Χ 0.5 cm, base acroscopic cuneate and hardly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, margin sharply serrate, teeth apex often aristate; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments sparsely with brown lanceolate and ± appressed linear minute scales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 14(6) pairs per ultimate segment, submarginally posited; indusia brown, membranous, ciliate or erose, often fugacious.
On slopes under forests or bamboos, or on shaded moist rocks or in valleys, also found in thickets or under shrubs by streams; (500)9002300(2800) m. Anhui, Chongqing, SE Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Indian, Japan].
云南复叶耳蕨 yun nan fu ye er jue
Polystichum henryi H. Christ, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 36. 1909; Byrsopteris henryi (H. Christ) C. V. Morton; Dryopteris henryi (H. Christ) C. Christensen; Rumohra henryi (H. Christ) Ching.
Rhizome creeping, fleshy-like tender at growing apex, 35 cm in diam., moderately scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 58 Χ 13 mm, apical attenuate or hairlike, margin entire (or remotely denticulate), thin and soft. Fronds distant or approximate, 0.81.2(1.5) m; stipe 4565 cm and 46 mm in diam., stramineous, base scaly as rhizome, lower parts scales sparser and diminishing, upper parts and throughout rachis glabrescent; lamina thinly herbaceous, shiny green when dried, ovate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, 4060 Χ 3045 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, 4(or 5)-pinnate-pinnatifid; stalked pinnae ca. 15 pairs, alternate, (obliquely) spreading, lowest pinna ovate-deltoid, to 38 Χ 25 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 3-pinnate; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, deltoid-lanceolate, basal basiscopic one slightly elongated, to 18 Χ 8 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 2-pinnate; penultimate pinnules to 15 pairs, ovate, to 5 Χ 3 cm, base rounded, apex obtuse, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, larger fronds proximal ones 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate pinnules ovate-oblong, shortly stalked or sessile, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.8 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, margin deeply pinnatifid (with proximal 1 or 2 pairs of lobes free), lobe sharply dentate, teeth blunt tipped; upper pinnae diminishing; axes and veins of the ultimate segments occasionally with a few brown subulate or hairlike minute scales abaxially. Sori small, terminal (or subdorsal) on veinlets, 13 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between the mainvein and the margin; indusium pale brown, membranous, and entire (or crenulate).
In valleys under dense woods, or on slopes by streams under forests, sometimes found on ridges under montane rain forests; (800)10001500 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand, N Vietnam].