DRYOPTERIS and related genera [DRAFT]

Nothoperanema (Tagawa) R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 24. 1966.

肉刺蕨属  rou ci jue shu

Dryopteris Subgen. Nothoperanema Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 199. 1938.

Herbs, terrestrial, middle-sized. Rhizome stout, erect or obliquely ascending. Frond caespitose; stipe stout, with dense scales; scale lucid, ferruginous-brown or dark brown, ovate, thick, entire, apex acuminate, lanceolate or subulate above; laminae large, ovate-triangular, tripinnate or profoundly tripinnatifid; basal pinnae largest, subtriangular, base inaequilateral; basiscopic pinnule largest, extending downward, pattern of pinnule pinnation such that basal pair anadromous; upper ones ± catadromous; from second pinnae lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, base aequilateral; rachis with dense angusti-lanceolate or subulate scales; scales fuscous or nigrescent, spreading; costa and costule glabrous on both surfaces, raised abaxially, grooved adaxially, with a short, coarse carnous thorn on both sides of rachlet vein insertion; setae consisting of 3 rows of subquadrate stereid[??okay] at base, 2 rows at middle, 1 row at apex. Venation free, same as Dryopteris type, veinlets not reaching margin, a hydathodal cell terminating veinlet. Lamina herbaceous or papery when dry, brown. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, 1 row on both sides of costa; indusia sometimes exindusiate, brown or dark brown, rounded-reniform, firm, entire, attached by sinus, persistent or fugacious. Spores bilateral, reniform, surface verrucose or reticulate. n = 41.

Five species: E, NE, and S Asia, C, S, and E Africa; five species in China.

1a.     Scales of rachis lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.

2a.    Sori indusiate; scales of rachis ferruginous; ultimate pinnules sharply serrate at apex  4. N. hendersonii

2b.    Sori exindusiate; scales of rachis brown; ultimate pinnules entire or
undulate at apex .................................................................................  5. N. shikokianum

1b.     Scales of rachis long subulate.

3a.    Plant 120–150 cm high; basal pinna ca. 38 cm; basal pinnule ca. 17 cm; ultimate pinnules ca. 2 cm      3. N. giganteum

3b.    Plant 60–110 cm high; basal pinna 14–21 cm; basal pinnule 5–7 cm; ultimate pinnules 1–1.6 cm.

4a.     Scales of rachis nearly black; middle pinnae more than 4 cm wide, basiscopic
pinnules more than 1 cm wide .........................................................  1. N. squamisetum

4b.     Scales of rachis brown; middle pinnae ca. 3 cm wide, basiscopic pinnules
ca. 7 mm wide ..............................................................................  2. N. diacalpioides

1. Nothoperanema squamisetum (J. D. Hooker) R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 27. 1966.

肉刺蕨  rou ci jue

Nephrodium squamisetum J. D. Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 140. t. 268. 1862.

Plants 90–110 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales lucid, brown, ovate, entire. Frond caespitose; stipe upper part stramineous, 38–50 cm, base 3–4 mm wide, with 2 sulci on adaxial side, reaching to rachis, densely clothed with brown, long subulate scales; lamina ovate, 52–60 × 34–42 cm, tripinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae up to 16 pairs, alternate, sometimes basal pair opposite, stipitate, obliquely spreading; basal pinnae larger, broadly lanceolate, ca. 21 × 10 cm, base inaequitaleral, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnules ca. 16 pairs, alternate, petiolate; basal one (or two) oblong-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–2.8 cm, larger than upper ones, base subrounded, pinnate, apex acute; ultimate pinnules 9 or 10 pairs; lower pairs subopposite, ovate-oblong, 1.4–1.6 cm × ca. 8 mm, base broadly cuneate, margin pinnately lobate, apex rounded; segments 3–5 pairs, basal pair oblong, entire, apex rounded; tapered from second pinnae upward, and from seventh (or eighth) on pinnae narrowed abruptly, ca. 6 × 2.2 cm. Veins in ultimate pinnules pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, running to frond margin, visible abaxially. Laminae herbaceous, green when dried, clothed with brown, subulate scales along costa and costule. Sori large, rounded, located at end of veinlets, in 1 row on each side of costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, thickly membranous, fugacious.

Forests, valleys; 1900–2500 m. Taiwan (Alishan), Xizang, Yunnan [India; Africa].

2. Nothoperanema diacalpioides R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11. 28. 1966.

棕鳞肉刺蕨  zong lin rou ci jue

Plants ca. 64 cm high. Stipe stramineous, ca. 33 cm × 3 mm, clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate, thin scales along rachis. Lamina ovate, ca. 40 × 27 cm, widest at base, apex acute, tripinnate; pinnae ca. 16 pairs, basal 1(or 2) pair(s) opposite; next upper ones alternate, subsessile, obliquely spreading; basal pinna larger than next upper ones, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 14.5 × 6.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, inaequilateral, bipinnate, apex acute; pinnules ca. 16 pairs, alternate, basal pair larger than others; basal one oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1.6 cm, inaequilateral, pinnate, acuminate; ultimate pinnules ca. 14 pairs, oblong, ca. 1 × 3 mm, margin shallowly rounded-lobed, rounded and small serrate at apex; shortened gradually from second pinnae upward. Middle pinnae ca. 13 cm; pinnules 2–2.5 cm, veins in ultimate pinnules pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, running to leaf margin and distinct abaxially. Laminae herbaceous when dried, green, clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate scales on abaxial side of costa, costule with carnous thorn on adaxial surface of vein. Sori rounded, located on veinlets near costa, in 1 row on each side of costa; indusia brown, rounded or oblong, thin, entire, deciduous.

· Forests, shaded moist places; ca. 2400 m. Yunnan (Jinping).

3. Nothoperanema giganteum R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 28. 1966.

大叶肉刺蕨  da ye rou ci jue

Plants 1.2–1.5 m high. Stipe 42–58 × 1–1.2 cm, lower part densely clothed with brown, ovate-lanceolate, entire scales, sparsely scaly upward throughout rachis. Lamina ovate-deltoid, 56–76 × 50–55 cm, tripinnate; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, basal 1 or 2 pairs opposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading; basal pair larger than others, broadly lanceolate, ca. 38 × 15 cm, base asymmetrical, bipinnate, caudate-acuminate; pinnules ca. 18 pairs, alternate, stipitate, slightly obliquely spreading, approximate; basiscopic basal pinnule larger than acroscopic one, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 17 × 4 cm, inaequilateral at base, pinnate, caudate-acuminate; ultimate pinnules ca. 12 pairs, oblong, ca. 2 × 1.2 cm, pinnatipartite; segments 6–8 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, 6–7 × ca. 3 mm, margin shallowly crenate or entire, apex rounded; second pinnae same size as basal pinnae, gradually shortened upward from third pair, lanceolate, veins in ultimate pinnules pinnate; veinlets forked, running to leaf margin and visible abaxially. Laminae brown, papery, with brown, lanceolate scales on abaxial side of each rachis. Sori rounded, located terminal on veinlets, single, or 2 or 3 pairs on basal part of each segment, close to costa; indusia dark brown, rounded, thickly membranous, persistent.

· Thickets, valleys; 1700–1800 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan).

4. Nothoperanema hendersonii (Beddome) R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 28. 1966.

有盖肉刺蕨  you gai rou ci jue

Lastrea hendersonii Beddome, Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 17, t. 377. 1876; Dryopteris hendersonii (Beddome) C. Christensen; Dryopteris lepidorachis Hayata.

Plants 48–75 cm high. Rhizome ascending, short, stout, scaly. Stipe 15–30 mm wide, lower part densely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales, sparcely scaly upward throughout rachis. Lamina ovate, 30–45 × 26–34 cm, quadripinnate, apex slightly acute; pinnae 4 or 5 pairs; basal 1(or 2) pinnae largest, opposite, oblong-lanceolate, 14–25 × 8–15 cm, base inaequilateral, stipitate, acute; upper ones alternate, tripinnate; first pinnules 12–16 pairs, alternate, stipitate. Basiscopic pinnules larger than acroscopic ones; basal pinnule oblong-lanceolate, 5–12 × 2.6–5.2 cm, base inaequilateral, bipinnate, acute; secondary pinnules ca. 15 pairs, oblong; basal pinnule ca. 3 × 1.1 cm, pinnate; ultimate pinnules 8 or 9 pairs, oblong, ca. 7 × 2 mm, obtuse[??, or ??ly] dentate on upper margin and apex. Veins in ultimate pinnule pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, running to leaf margin, visible abaxially. Sori rounded, dorsal on top of veinlets, at basal part of segment, in 1 row at each side of costa; indusia dark brown, rounded, thickly membranous, fugacious.

Forests or thickets; 1000–2500 m. Guizhou (Leishan), Taiwan (Alishan), Yunnan [India, Japan, N Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].

5. Nothoperanema shikokianum (Makino) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 28. 1966.

无盖肉刺蕨  wu gai rou ci jue

Nephrodium shikokianum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 62. 1899; Aspidium shikokianum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 46. 1892, [nom. nud.].

Plants 56–120 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, scaly. Stipe 26–55 cm × ca. 3.5 mm, clothed throughout rachis with dark brown, ovate-lanceolate scales. Lamina ovate-pentangular, 30–65 × 26–30 cm, not tapered to base, tripinnate, apex shortly acuminate; pinnae ca. 16 pairs, basal 1(or 2) pair(s) opposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, approximate; basal pair larger than others, lanceolate, ca. 15 × 7 cm, base unequal, bipinnate, caudate-acuminate; pinnules ca. 15 pairs, alternate, stipitate; basiscopic pinnules larger than acroscopic ones; basiscopic pinnule oblong lanceolate, ca. 5 × 2 cm, base rounded, aequilateral, pinnate, acute; ultimate pinnules ca. 10 pairs, oblong, ca. 1.4 cm × 5 mm, base broadly cuneate, margin lobed or deeply pinnatified, apex obtuse; lobes 4 or 5, oblong, subtruncate, entire; secondary pair of pinna similar to basal pair but shorter, bipinnate; tapered from third pinnae upward, from sixth (or seventh) pair abruptly narrowed, ca. 6 × 1.8 cm, apex triangular. Veins in ultimate pinnule pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, running to frond margin, visible abaxially. Laminae papery when dried, brown, dorsal side of rachis with brown, lanceolate scales. Sori rounded, terminating veinlet, 4 or 5 pairs on each ultimate pinnule, between costa and leaf margin and in 1 row at each side of costa; exindusiate.

Bamboo forests or mixed forests; 400–1800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan].

Phanerophlebiopsis R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 115. 1965.

黔蕨属  qian jue shu

Herbs, terrestrial, middle sized. Rhizome long, creeping, stout, clothed throughout base of stipe with dense, lanceolate, entire, brown scales. Fronds far apart, long petiolate; laminae lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, once pinnate; terminal pinna simple or apex pinnatilobate; lateral pinnae 6–12 pairs, alternate, almost completely identical, stipitate, lanceolate, base cuneate, nearly aequilateral, margin serrate, apex acuminate; tooth apex awned; rachis raised abaxially, grooved adaxially; veins free, pinnate, each vein group 2 or 3 pairs; veinlets slender, obliquely ascending, not reaching margin, apex not inflated. Lamina papery or leathery when dried, glabrous. Sori rounded, below apex of veinlets, irregularly in 1 or 2(or 3) rows along both sides of costa; indusia large, rounded-reniform, membranous, entire, attached by sinus. Spores bilateral, oblong, tuberculose.

Endemic to China; nine species: Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan.

1a.     Sori in one row on each side of main vein.

2a.    Pinna falcate, ca. 2 cm wide, base subsymmetrical, cuneate ...........................  1. P. falcata

2b.    Pinna lanceolate, ca. 1.6 cm wide, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side subtruncate, basiscopic side cuneate ............................................................................................................  2. P. huwanensis

1b.     Sori in 2(or 3) rows on each side of main vein.

3a.    Length of lamina more than 6 × width; stipe and rachis with dark brown scales  3. P. neopodophylla

3b.    Length of lamina less than 6 × width; stipe and rachis with brown scales.

4a.     Lamina apex pinnately lobate, without terminal pinna.

5a.     Lamina ovate-oblong; pinnae apex caudately acuminate, pinnately lobate on margin; lobe apex sharply 1–5-serrate ....................................................................................  4. P. coadnata

5b.     Lamina oblong-lanceolate; pinnae apex acute, irregularly acutely serrulate on  
margin ..........................................................................................  5. P. intermedia

4b.     Lamina apex with terminal pinna, larger than lateral pinnae, pinnately lobed.

6a.     Pinna sharply small serrulate on margin ..........................................  9. P. tsiangiana

6b.     Pinna pinnately lobate on margin, lobe apex sharply 1–5-serrate.

7a.    Lamina oblong-lanceolate, 17–21 cm wide at middle; pinna lanceolate, curved upward, more than 2.2 cm wide at middle ..............................................................  8. P. kweichowensis

7b.    Lamina broadly lanceolate, 9–15 cm wide at middle; pinna lanceolate, not curved upward, 1.2–2 cm wide at middle.

8a. Lamina subleathery, green when dried; pinna with rough serrate margin  6. P. blinii

8b.     Lamina papery, grayish green when dried; pinna duplicate-serrate at margin  7. P. duplicato-serrata

 

1. Phanerophlebiopsis falcata R. C. Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 74. 1987.

镰羽黔蕨  lian yu qian jue

Plants up to 50 cm high. Stipe stramineous, ca. 20 × 3 mm, clothed with sparse, brown, linear scales together with rachis. Lamina oblong, ca. 30 × 14 cm at middle, once pinnate; terminal pinna pinnately parted; pinnae 8 or 9 pairs, basal pair opposite; upper pinnae alternate, stipitate, obliquely ascending, lanceolate-falcate; middle pinnae ca. 9 × 2 cm, base cuneate, aequilateral, margin pinnately lobate, apex caudate-acuminate; lobe apex with sharply 1–3 serrate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked, veinlets reaching inside of margin. Laminae leathery, green when dried, rarely with brown, linear scales on main veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, at middle position between costa and margin, in 1 row on each side of main veins; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

· Sandstone crevices in valleys; ca. 600 m. Guizhou (Dushan).

2. Phanerophlebiopsis hunanensis R. C. Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 74. 1987.

湖南黔蕨  hu nan qian jue

Plants up to 45 cm high. Stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm × 2 mm, clothed with dense, brown, linear scales together with rachis, scale apex fibrillous. Lamina oblong, ca. 24 × 13 cm at middle, once pinnate; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones but smaller, pinnae ca. 8 pairs, basal 2 or 3 pairs opposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, ca. 9 × 1.6 cm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic subtruncate, basiscopic cuneate, margin pinnately lobate, apex long acuminate; lobe apex sharply 1–3-serrate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked, veinlets reaching inside margin. Lamina leathery, yellow-green when dried, with brown, linear scales on main veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially . Sori large, rounded, terminating veinlets, in 1 row on both sides of main veins; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

· Wet roadsides on mountain slopes; ca. 500 m. Hunan (Yongshun).

3. Phanerophlebiopsis neopodophylla (R. C. Ching) R. C. Ching ex Y. T. Xie, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): 88. 1990.

长叶黔蕨  chang ye qian jue

Dryopteris neopodophyllum R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 401. 1938.

Plants up to 75 cm high. Rhizome thick, creeping, upper part obliquely ascending, clothed with dense, black-brown, linear-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 45 cm × 5 mm; lamina ovate, up to 30 × 16–24 cm, once pinnate; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones but larger; pinnae 6 or 7 pairs; basal pair opposite; upper pinnae alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, linear-lanceolate; middle pinnae 12–15 × ca. 1.8 cm, base subaequilateral, cuneate, margin pinnately lobate, apex caudate-acuminate; lobe apex sharply 1–3-serrate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked; veinlets reaching inside of margin, visible. Lamina leathery, green when dried, with black, lanceolate and apically amplified scales on main vein as well as veinlets abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets or dorsal at middle, in 2 rows on both sides of main vein; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, decidious.

· Valleys. Guizhou (Zhenfeng).

4. Phanerophlebiopsis coadnata R. C. Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 72. 1987.

合生黔蕨  he sheng qian jue

Plant ca. 40 cm high. Rhizome long, creeping, clothed with dense, brown, lanceolate scales together with stipe. Fronds approximate; stipe stramineous, ca. 26 cm × 2.5 mm; lamina ovate-oblong, ca. 26 × 18 cm, apex pinnately lobate, once pinnate downward; pinnae ca. 9 pairs; basal pair opposite; upper pinnae alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, ovate-lanceolate, middle pinnae ca. 9 × 2 cm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side truncate, basiscopic side cuneate, margin pinnately lobate, apex caudate-acuminate; lobes subrounded, apex sharply 1–5-serrate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked, veinlets reaching inner side of margin. Lamina subleathery, green when dried, glabrous on both surfaces; rachis and main vein sparsely clothed with brown, linear scales abaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, in (1 or)2 rows on both sides of main vein; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

· Valley forests; ca. 700 m. Guizhou (Duyun).

5. Phanerophlebiopsis intermedia R. C. Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 72. 1987.

中间黔蕨  zhong jian qian jue

Plants up to 68 cm high. Stipe stramineous, ca. 32 cm × 2.5 mm, with brown, lanceolate scales. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 36 × 13 cm at middle, apex pinnately lobate, once pinnate downward; pinnae ca. 9 pairs; lower 3 pairs subopposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, broadly lanceolate, 10–12 × 2–2.8 cm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side rounded, basiscopic side cuneate, margin irregularly acutely serrulate, apex acute. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked, veinlets reaching inside of margin. Lamina leathery, dark green when dried, rachis and main vein rarely clothed with brown, linear scales abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, in (1 or)2 rows on both sides of main vein, sparse; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, decideous.

· Valleys, streamsides, damp shaded places. Hunan (Yongshun).

6. Phanerophlebiopsis blinii (H. Léveillé) R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 125. 1965.

粗齿黔蕨  cu chi qian jue

Aspidium blinii H. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 456. 1915.

Plants 30–65 cm high. Rhizome long, creeping, densely clothed throughout stipe with brown, linear scales together with rachis. Fronds approximate; stipe stramineous, 13–30 cm × 2–3 mm; lamina broadly lanceolate, 16–35 × 9–14 cm, once pinnate; terminal pinna narrowly ovate, pinnatifid to half way at base, apex acute; lateral pinnae ca. 9 pairs; basal pair opposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, far apart, lanceolate; middle pinnae 6–12 × 1.5–2 cm, base asymmetrical, cuneate, sparsely shallowly lobate on margin, acuminate and slightly caudate; lobe apex sharply 1- or 2-serrate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked; veinlets reaching inside of margin, visible. Lamina subleathery, green when dried, glabrous on both surfaces; rachis and main vein sparsely clothed with brown, linear scales abaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, in 2 rows on both sides of main vein; indusia brown, rounded, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

· Evergreen forests, valleys, damp shaded places; ca. 700 m. Guizhou (Pingfa), Hunan, Jiangxi.

7. Phanerophlebiopsis duplicato-serrata R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 116. 1965.

重齿黔蕨  chong chi qian jue

Plants 60–70 cm high. Rhizome long, widely creeping, sparsely clothed throughout stipe with brown, linear scales. Fronds far apart; stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm × 3 mm; lamina broadly lanceolate, 40–50 × 14–15 cm, once pinnate; terminal pinna ovate-lanceolate, pinnately lobate, larger than lateral pinnae; lateral pinnae ca. 12 pairs; lower 1–6 pairs opposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, far apart, lanceolate; middle pinnae up to 9 × ca. 1.8 cm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side rounded, posterior side cuneate, margin pinnately lobate, caudate-acuminate; lobes apices with 2–4 sharp serratures or duplicato-serrate on margin. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked; veinlets reaching inside of margin, conspicuous on both surfaces. Lamina papery, grayish green when dried; rachis and main vein sparsely clothed with brown, linear scales abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, in 2 rows on both sides of main vein, sometimes in 1 row at apex of pinna, in 3 rows at base; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, decideous.

Dense forests, valleys, damp shaded places; 600–1400 m. E. Guizhou, Sichuan (Xiushan), E Yunnan.

8. Phanerophlebiopsis kweichowensis R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 116. 1965.

大羽黔蕨  day u qian jue

Plants 50–60 cm high. Rhizome long, creeping, sparsely clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate scales together with stipe. Fronds far apart; stipe stramineous, 16–26 cm × 3–4 mm; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 35–40 × 17–21 cm, once pinnate; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones but larger; lateral pinnae 7–15 pairs, alternate, stipitate, obliquely spreading, approximate, lanceolate, middle pinnae 12–13 × ca. 2.2 cm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side rounded, basiscopic cuneate, margin shallowly lobed, caudate-acuminate, curved upward, apices with 1–3 sharp serratures, with cartilaginous margin. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked; veinlets reaching inside of margin, visible abaxially. Lamina papery, green when dried , sparsely clothed with brown, linear scales on rachis and main vein abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, scattered, nearly in 2 rows on each side of main vein; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

Mixed forests or thickets in valleys, damp shaded places; 400–1600 m. Guizhou (Fanjing), Hunan.

9. Phanerophlebiopsis tsiangiana R. C. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 116. 1965.

黔蕨  qian jue

Dryopteris tsiangiana (Ching) R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon, Rhodora 84: 126. 1982.

Plants 45–58 cm high. Rhizome long, creeping, densely clothed with scales together with stipe; scale brown, ovate, entire, sharp at apex. Fronds approximate; stipe stramineous, ca. 25 cm × 2–3 mm; lamina broadly lanceolate, 20–33 × 10–12 cm, once pinnate; terminal pinna with a lobe at base; lateral pinnae 6–8 pairs, lower ones subopposite; upper ones alternate, stipitate, horizontally spreading, far apart, lanceolate, 7–8 × 1.5–2 cm, base cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Veins pinnate, lateral veins forked; veinlets reaching inside of margin, conspicuous on both surfaces. Lamina leathery, yellow-green, sparsely clothed with brown, lanceolate scales on rachis and main vein abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, in 2 rows on each side of main vein; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, attached by sinus, membranous, deciduous.

· Mountain slopes, under forests; 400–1300 m. SE Guizhou.

Dryopteris Adanson, Fam. Des. Plantes 2: 20. 1763.

鳞毛蕨属  lin mao jue shu

Herbs, terrestrial, middle-sized. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, rarely creeping, stout, short, apices densely scaly; scales ferruginous, brown, or black, glossy, ovate, broadly lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, entire or sparsely dentate or fimbriate, thick, consisting of slender, opaque cells with thick flexuous cell walls. Fronds caespitose or approximate, sometimes spirally arranged, stipitate, scaly; scales similar to those on rhizome, sometimes without scales on stipe; lamina broadly lanceolate, oblong, deltoid-ovate, or pentagonal, once pinnate, bi- to quadric-pinnate or quadripinnatifid, apices pinnatilobate, rarely simple imparipinnate, i.e., with frond apex ending in a segment similar to lateral pinnae, in case of pinnately decompound fronds, pattern of pinnation catadromous, except for pinnules of basal pair. Usually ± scaly, rarely glabrous; scales lanceolate, linear, curly-fibriform, or base bullate or base dilated, apices subulate, margin entire or fimbriate, sometimes lacerate; ultimate pinnae base rounded and aequilateral, rarely cuneate and inaequilateral, margin usually serrate, rarely spinulate. Lamina papery or subleathery, rarely herbaceous, pale green or green when dried; costae and costules canaliculate adaxially and arising from rachis at ± acute angle, both sides with prominent edges, glabrous; veins always free, pinnate, simple and undivided in simple-pinnate or bipinnatifid fronds, 2- or 3-forked in bipinnate to decompound fronds, all terminated in a prominent spindle-shaped hydathode within segment margin. Sori rounded, dorsal or rarely apical on veins or veinlets, indusiate, rarely exindusiate; indusia persistent, rounded-reniform, generally large, entire, smooth, rarely glandular or very rarely with erose margin, brown, plane or convex, texture rather thick, sometimes corneous, attached by a deep sinus on veins or veinlets, rarely sori exindusiate. Spores bilateral, reniform or reniform-elliptic, verrucose or with broadly winged wall. n = 41.

About 230 species: widely distributed in both hemispheres, mainly in Asia, especially from Himalaya to China, Japan, and Korea; 127 species in China [??#endemic].

[??insert key]

Subgenus Pycnopteris

奇羽亚属

1. Dryopteris bodinieri (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 254. 1905.

大平鳞毛蕨  da ping lin mao jue

Aspidium bodinieri Christ, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1992: 240. cum fig.; 1906: 115, cum descr.

Plants 1–2.5 m high. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with broadly lanceolate, brown or dark brown, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 1/3 as long as lamina, grooved above, base densely clothed with brown or dark brown lanceolate and entire scales; rachis with narrowly lanceolate, apices hair-shaped scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 55–60 × 36–40 cm, once imparipinnate, apices acuminate; lateral pinnae 6–10 pairs, obliquely spreading, 4–6 cm apart, oblong-lanceolate, 16–20(–30) × 2.5–4(–6) cm, shortly stalked, apices shortly acuminate; upper several pinnae sessile, decurrent along and connate with rachis, margin incised-serrate; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones but smaller, stalk 1–1.5 cm. Lamina papery, yellow-green when dried, glabrous on both surfaces; costa depressed adaxially into a groove, raised abaxially; lateral veins pinnate; basal 1 or 2 pairs ending nearly midway, rest extending toward margin. Sori irregularly scattered on both sides of the costa, dorsal on veinlet; exindusiate.

· Evergreen forests; 1000–1800 m. Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.

2. Dryopteris sieboldii (Van Houtle ex Mettenius) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.

奇羽鳞毛蕨  qi yu lin mao jue

Aspidium sieboldii van Houtte ex Mettenius, Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 87. 1856.

Plants 0.5–1 m high. Rhizome erect, stout, short, clothed with dense, pale brown, lanceolate scales together with lower part of stipe. Fronds caespitose; stipe atrostramineous, 20–60 cm × 2–5 mm, subglabrous upward; lamina oblong or deltoid-ovate, 25–40 × ca. 20 cm, simple imparipinnate; pinnae 1–4 pairs, broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 15–20 × 2.5–3.5(–6) cm, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, slightly inaequilateral, shortly stalked, apices acuminate; terminal pinnae similar to, larger, and with longer stalk than lateral ones, or connate with lower pinnae; pinnae entire or incised-serrate at margin; veins indistinct, pinnate-forked, 4–6 in pinnate groups; acroscopic one of basal veinlet shorter, other veinlets extending toward margin; lamina thickly leathery, green when dried, glabrous adaxially, rarely with fibrillous scales. Sori rounded, borne dorsally at middle of veinlets, in irregular 3 or 4 rows along both sides of costa, near margin sterile; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

Forests; 400–900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].

3. Dryopteris enneaphylla (Bak.) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 263. 1905.

宜昌鳞毛蕨  yi chang lin mao jue

Plants 0.5–1 m high. Rhizome erect, stout, short, clothed with dense, pale brown, lanceolate scales together with lower part of stipe. Frond caespitose; stipe atro-stramineous, 20–60 cm × 2–5 mm, subglabrous upward; lamina deltoid-loblong, 25–40 × ca. 30 cm, once imparipinnate; pinnae 3–8 pairs, broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 15–20 × 2.5–3.5(–6) cm, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, slightly inaequilateral, apices acuminate; basal pinnae with short stalk; terminal pinna similar to lateral ones, smaller, with a large auriculate lobe at base; all pinnae undulate-dentate or lobed at margin; veins inconspicuous, pinnate-forked, 4–6 in pinnate groups, acroscopic one of basal veinlets shorter, other veinlets extending toward margin; lamina thickly papery, green when dried, glabrous adaxially, rarely with fibriform scales. Sori rounded, below middle of veinlets, in irregular 3 or 4 rows along both sides of costa, sterile near margin; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

· Forests, damp places; 500–700 m. Hubei, Taiwan, Zhejiang.

1a.. Lateral pinnae 3 or 4 pairs; fertile pinnae __[??] cm wide, sterile pinnae wide; stipe
with black-brown, narrowly lanceolate scales at base ................................  3a. var. enneaphylla

1b.. Lateral pinnae 4–8 pairs; fertile pinnae 2–2.5 cm wide, sterile pinnae
ca. 4 cm wide; stipe with brown, narrowly lanceolate scales at base
.........................................................................................................  3b. var. pseudosieboldii

3a. Dryopteris enneaphylla var. enneaphylla

宜昌鳞毛蕨(原变种)  yi chang lin mao jue (yuan bian zhong)

Nephrodium enneaphyllum Bak., J. Bot. 1887: 170.

Stipe with black-brown, narrowly lanceolate scales base; lateral pinnae 3 or 4 pairs; fertile pinnae [??] cm wide, sterile pinnae __[??] cm wide.

Forests, damp places; 500–700 m. Hubei (Ichang), Taiwan, Zhejiang.

3b. Dryopteris enneaphylla var. pseudosieboldii (Hayata) Tagawa & K. Iwatsuki, Amer. Fern J. 50: 102. 1960.

大宜昌鳞毛蕨  dai yi changlin mao jue

Dryopteris pseudosieboldii Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 171. 1914.

Stipe base with narrow brown lanceolate scales; lateral pinnae 4–8 pairs; fertile pinnae 2–2.5 cm; sterile pinnae ca. 4 cm wide.

· Taiwan (Ali Shan).

4. Dryopteris toyamae Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 167. 1939.

裂羽鳞毛蕨  lie yu lin mao jue

Plants _____[??] high. Rhizome ascending, stout, densely scaly. Stipe stramineous, 20–30 cm, densely scaly at base; scales brown or ferruginous-brown, rarely rubiginous, oblong-lanceolate to subulate, membranous, entire on edges, apices acuminate; lower ones up to 2 cm × ca. 5 mm. Fronds caespitose, dimorphic; fertile fronds: lamina oblong, 20–30 × 20–25 cm, leathery; rachis with linear and fibriform scales, sparse; simple imparipinnate; lateral pinnae 5 or 6 pairs, spreading or obliquely spreading, far apart, lanceolate, ca. 15 × 2 cm, with sparse fibriform scales abaxially, glabrous adaxially, base cordate or truncate, with short stalk, margin deeply pinnate or coarsely crenate, apex acuminate; pinna lobe ovate-oblong, entire or sparsely dentate, apex obtuse or rounded; basal ones separate; terminal pinna lanceolate, 10–15 cm; broadest base up to 4 cm wide, base lobed almost to costa, deeply pinnate upward; sterile fronds shorter than fertile ones; stipe 10–15 cm; lamina deltoid, 25–30 cm, base 30–40 cm wide; lateral pinnae 4(–7) pairs, spreading, approximate, with short stalk; basal pinnae 15–20 × 2.5–4 cm. Sori rounded, scattered on both sides of costa.

Taiwan (Hualian) [Japan].

5. Dryopteris podophylla (Hooker) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.

柄叶鳞毛蕨  bing ye lin mao jue

Aspidium pogophyllum Hooker, J. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 236. 1853; Nephrodium podophyllum Hooker.

Plants 40–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, densely scaly; scales black-brown, subulate, apices fibrillous. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 15–20 cm, hard, stipe base with scales similar to those of rhizome, glabrous upward or rarely with some scales; lamina ovate, 20–25 × 15–20 cm, simple imparipinnate; lateral pinnae 4–8 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, shortly stalked, lanceolate, 10–13 × 1.5–2 cm, base rounded or subcordate, subentire or slightly undulate-dentate, with cartilaginous edge, apex acuminate; terminal pinna free, similar to lateral ones and equal in size; veins pinnate; lateral veinlets forked, 3 or 4 in pinnate groups, running toward near[??] margin except for acroscopic basal one; lamina papery or thinly leathery; rachis and costa sparsely brown, fibrillous scaly abaxially. Sori small, rounded, in irregular 2 or 3 rows between costa and pinna margin, near both sides of costa sterile; indusia dark brown, rounded-reniform, thick, persistent.

· Forests, streamsides; 700–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan.

Subgenus. Dryopteris

平鳞亚属

6. Dryopteris scottii (Beddome) R. C. Ching ex C. Christensen, Bull. Dep Biol. Sun Yatsen Univ. 6: 3. 1933.

无盖鳞毛蕨  wu gai lin mao jue

Polypodium scottii Bedd., Ferns Brit. India, t. 345. 1870; Dryopteris nigrisquamata Hayata; D. subdecipiens Hayata.

Plants 50–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout and short, densely clothed with black-brown, lanceolate, sparsely toothed scales together with lower part of stipe. Frond caespitose; stipe stramineous, 18–35 cm, sparsely scaly from middle part of stipe toward rachis; scales sparse, black-brown, subulate-lanceolate, margin with undulate-rounded teeth; lamina oblong or deltoid-ovate, 25–45 × 15–25 cm, base not or slightly gradually narrowed, simple pinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobate; pinnae 10–16 pairs, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 10–12 × 1.5–3 cm, base rounded-truncate, shortly stalked or subsessile, margin frontly[??okay] spreading sinuate-crenate, apex acuminate; veins slightly visible; lateral veins pinnate-forked, 3–7 in pinnate groups; lamina herbaceous, green, glabrous adaxially, with 1 or 2 fibrillous scales on costa and veinlets abaxially, and with black-brown or brown, linear, pointed teeth on edges [??] scales along abaxial side of rachis. Sori rounded, at middle of veinlets, in irregular 2 or 3(or 4) rows on both sides of costa; exindusiate.

Forests; 500–2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

7. Dryopteris liangkwangensis R. C. Ching, Icon. Fil. Sin. 4: t. 180. 1937.

两广鳞毛蕨  liang guang lin mao jue

Plants up to 150 cm high. Rhizome erect or creeping, densely clothed with dark brown, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 50 cm, ca. 1 cm thick at base, densely clothed with brown, oblong-lanceolate scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 80–100 × ca. 40 cm, not narrowed or slightly so to base, once pinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae ca. 30 pairs, horizontally spreading, positioned at intervals, especially basal pinnae, lanceolate; middle pinnae 16–20 cm, widest at base, 2–3 cm wide, base truncate, sessile, margin incised or lobed, apex acuminate; lobe apices obtuse, entire. Lamina herbaceous, green-brown, glabrous on both surfaces, with dark brown, lanceolate, fibrillous scales along rachis and costa; lateral veins pinnate, not forked, raised on both surfaces. Sori dorsal on veinlets, 3 or 4 pairs on each lobe; exindusiate. Spores 64 per sorus.

Forests, moist ravines; 600–1700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Yunnan [Vietnam].

8. Dryopteris cyclopeltiformis C. Christensen, Dansk, Bot. Arkiv 9: 60. 1937.

弯羽鳞毛蕨  wan yu lin mao jue

Plants to 40 cm high. Rhizome creeping, scaly; scales black-brown, subulate. Frond caespitose; stipe dark brown, slightly glossy, 15–20 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, hard, with brown, lanceolate scales and nodose setae; lamina ovate-lanceolate, 20–25 × 8–9 cm, base not or slightly narrowed, simple pinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 10–11 pairs, obliquely spreading, falcate, reniform, 3–5 × ca. 1 cm, margin incised-dentate in upper part, entire to base, and slightly auriculate at base, apex obtuse-acute. Stalk ca. 2 mm; basal pinnae sometimes shorter than others, slightly reflexed; costa raised abaxially, grooved adaxially. Lamina papery or papery, gray-brown abaxially, pale brown adaxially, subglabrous on both surfaces; rachis clothed with linear, dark brown or black brown, nodose, broadly based scales; veins pinnate, inconspicuous on both surfaces. Sori small, uniseriate on both sides of costa; exindusiate, rounded, stalked, peltate.

Dense forests, moist ravines; 1100–1200 m. Hainan [Indo-China Peninsula[??countries]].

This species appears quite special in Dryopteris, differs from other species in nodose setae on stipe and rachis; sori exindusiate but with peltate paraphysis. The taxonomic position of this species needs further research.

9. Dryopteris hangchowensis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 414. 1938.

杭州鳞毛蕨  hang zhou lin mao jue

Plants 35–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales black-brown, lanceolate. Fronds caespitose, forming a rosette; stipe dark stramineous, 7–20 cm, densely clothed with black, linear-lanceolate scales; lamina lanceolate, 28–40 × 10–15 cm, not narrowed to base, bipinnate, apex abruptly caudate-acuminate and pinnately lobate; pinnae 18–20 pairs, lanceolate, 5–8 × 1–1.2 cm, base rounded, with short stalk, pinnatifid, apex acuminate; segments obliquely oblong, pointing forward, apex with 2 or 3 beaked sharp teeth, basal segments nearly free. Veins pinnate, in segments 3–5 pairs, simple; acroscopic basal vein arrives only below sinus, others running to margin. Lamina herbaceous, green; rachis densely clothed with black, linear, bristly margin scales; rachis and veins abaxially sparsely clothed with black, fimbriate scales. Sori rounded, rather small, dorsal on veinlets, in irregular 2 rows on both sides of costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, papery, persistent.

Forests, moist places; 50–400 m. NE Zhejiang [Japan].

10. Dryopteris handeliana C. Christensen, Dansk. Bot. Arkiv. 9: 62. 1937.

边生鳞毛蕨  bian sheng lin mao jue

Plants 35–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely clothed with brown, lanceolate, entire scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 10–15 cm, rough, sparsely scaly; scales similar to those of rhizome; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 20–40 × 10–15 cm, base slightly narrowed, simple pinnate, apex abruptly caudate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 15–20 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, approximate to each other, lanceolate, 5–8 × ca. 1.5 cm, apex acuminate or obtuse-acuminate, margin incised-dentate, teeth pointing forward with sharp beaked apex. Lamina papery, pale green; rachis sparsely clothed with brown, lanceolate, entire scales, glabrous on both surfaces, only sparsely clothed with small brown scales on abaxial side of costa; veins pinnate, not forked; veinlets running to margin except for basiscopic one of basal veinlets reaching sinus, raised abaxially, grooved adaxially, conspicuous on both surfaces. Above middle of frond fertile; sori rounded, in irregular 1 or 2 rows, restricted to a narrow band along margin, leaving a broad sterile space on each side of costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, small.

Habitat; elevation [??]. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

11. Dryopteris namegatae (Kurata) Kurata, J. Geobot. 17: 87. 1969.

黑鳞远轴鳞毛蕨  hei lin yuan zhou lin mao jue

Dryopteris dickinsii (Franchet & Savatier) Kurata var. namegatae Kurata, J. Geobot. 7: 115. 1959.

Plants 25–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with dark brown, broadly lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 12–35 cm, clothed throughout rachis with lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, black, acutely toothed scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 15–45 × 12–18 cm, wide at middle, base slightly narrowed, simple pinnate, apex narrowed, shortly acuminate, pinnate; pinnae 15–30 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, lanceolate, middle pinnae 6–9 × 1.1–1.4 cm, base rounded-truncate or truncate, subsessile, margin coarsely dentate, apex acute to acuminate; lower several pinnae slightly shortened. Veins pinnate; lateral veins pinnate, not forked, raised abaxially, running to margin, grooved adaxially. Lamina papery, sparsely clothed with black, spreading scales on middle veins abaxially. Sori rounded, in irregular 2 or 3 rows on each side of midrib, placed on upper part of veinlets and near margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, small, entire.

Forests; 400–1200 m. Gansu, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

12. Dryopteris dickinsii (Franchet & Savatier) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 262. 1905.

远轴鳞毛蕨  yuan zhou lin mao jue

Aspidium dickinsii Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 236, 629. 1879.

Plants up to 45 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous or brown, ca. 17 cm, with broadly lanceolate scales on basal part, gradually narrowing upward; lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 30 cm, base 10–15 cm wide, base not narrowed, simple pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 17 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, shortly stalked, lanceolate, middle pinnae 4–7 × 1–1.5 cm, base rounded-truncate or truncate, margin coarsely dentate or pinnatifid to 1/3, apex acute or acuminate; lower several pinnae slightly shortened. Veins pinnate; lateral veins 3–5 in groups, except for acroscopic basal vein, others running to margin. Lamina papery or thickly papery; rachis and pinna rachis sparsely clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate scales abaxially. Sori rounded, on upper part or near apices of veinlets, irregularly in 2 or 3 rows on each side of midrib and close to margin, leaving a broad sterile belt on each side of midrib; indusia round-reniform, entire.

Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 700–2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan].

13. Dryopteris cycadina (Franchet & Savatier) C. Christenen, Ind. Fil. 260. 1905.

桫椤鳞毛蕨  suo luo lin mao jue

Aspidium cycadinum Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 236. 1877; Dryopteris atrata (Wallich ex Kuntze) R. C. Ching, p.p.[??]; D. fengyangshanensis R. C. Ching & P. S. Chiu; D. feng-yangshanensis R. C. Ching & C. F. Zhang[??which is correct]; D. longirostrata Ching ex G. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng ; D. pseudatrata R. C. Ching; D. rigidiuscula R. C. Ching ex G. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng.

Plants up to 50 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, short, densely clothed with black-brown, sparsely ciliate scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark purplish brown, ca. 15 cm, sparsely clothed with scales similar to those on rhizome upward; lamina lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 30–35 × ca. 10 cm, wide at middle, base slightly narrowed, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, alternate, slightly obliquely spreading, falcate-lanceolate; middle pinnae longer than others, ca. 6 × ca. 1.2 cm, base rounded-truncate, with very short stalk, margin pinnatifid to pinnate, apex acuminate; lower several pinnae slightly shortened, slightly reflexed; basal pinna ca. 3.5 cm; segments suboblong, apex rounded-truncate, serrulate. Veins pinnate, lateral ones simple. Lamina thinly papery, both surfaces subglabrous; rachis densely clothed with black-brown, linear, ciliate scales, sometimes sparsely scaly on abaxial side of costa. Sori small, rounded, at middle of veinlets, scattered on each side of costa, without sterile belt; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

Mixed forests; 1400–3200 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

The original description of Dryopteris chimingiana R. C. Ching (Jiangxi Science 8(3): 47. 1990) mentions that it differs from this species, but both species are quite similar in appearance.

14. Dryopteris atrata (Kunze) R. C. Ching, Sinensia 3: 326. 1933.

暗鳞鳞毛蕨  an lin lin mao jue

Aspidium atratum Kunze, Linnaea 24: 279. 1851, not Wallich 1828, nom. nud.; Dryopteris hirtipes subsp. atrata (Kunze) Fraser-Jenkins; Nephrodium atratum (Kunze) Handel-Mazzetti.

Plants 50–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with large, brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 20–30 cm, base densely clothed with black-brown, lanceolate scales, [??and] densely clothed with black-brown, sparsely ciliate, linear or subulate scales; lamina lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, up to 30 cm, middle part ca. 15 cm wide, base not narrowed, simple pinnate, apex caudate-acuminate and pinnatifid; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, alternate, nearly horizontally spreading, lanceolate, middle pinnae 8–10 × 1.2–1.5 cm, base truncate, subsessile, margin coarsely dentate or pinnately lobed, apex acuminate; lateral veins simple. Lamina papery, costa and veins sparsely clothed in black-brown scales abaxially. Sori rounded, on middle of veinlets, scattered on each side of costa, without sterile space; indusia small, rounded-reniform.

Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 500–2000 m. Provinces S of the Changjiang [??list these] and Gansu, Taiwan, Xizang [Bhutan, India, Indo-China Pen.[??list countries], Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand].

15. Dryopteris wuyishanica R. C. Ching & P. S. Chiu, Bot. Res. Inst. Bot (Beijing) 1987(2): 34. 1987.

武夷山鳞毛蕨  wu yi shan lin mao jue

Plants up to 1 m high. Stipe pale brown or stramineous, ca. 44 cm, ca. 2.2 mm thick, base sparsely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 59 × 24 cm, not narrowed to base, once pinnate; pinnae ca. 25 pairs, horizontally spreading, subsessile, narrow distance apart, middle pinnae lanceolate, ca. 11 × 1.7 cm, base rounded-truncate, with auriculate salient[??] per side, margin pinnatifid to 1/3, acute-dentate, appressed[??], apex caudate-acuminate; basal pinnae not shortened; lateral veins 4 or 5, not forked, basal pair not running to margin. Lamina papery, pale green when dried, glabrous; rachis sparsely clothed with black, linear scales. Sori small, irregularly in 2 rows on each side of costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, thin, fugacious.

Forests. Fujian (Wuyishan).

16. Dryopteris commixta Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 190. 1933.

混淆鳞毛蕨  hun xiao lin mao jue

Dryopteris shangqianensis R. C. Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. sino-dickinsii R. C. Ching ex K. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng.

Plants 50–90 cm high. Rhizome creeping, throughout base of stipe densely clothed with black or dark brown, lanceolate, subentire scales. Fronds approximate; stipe stramineous, ca. 25 cm; upper portion with sparse linear-lanceolate, dark brown scales; lamina lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 35–50 cm, middle portion ca. 30 cm wide, slightly narrowed to base, bipinnate, apex acuminate, pinnately lobed; pinnae 15–20 pairs, alternate, slightly obliquely spreading, lanceolate, middle ones longer than others, ca. 15 × 1.2 cm, base rounded-truncate, sessile or subsessile, margin pinnately lobed, apex acuminate; lower ones slightly shortened and reflexed; basal one 6–7 cm; segments apex entire, bill-shaped, sparsely serrulate. Veins pinnate; lateral ones simple, distinct abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially. Lamina papery, sparsely fibriform-scaly along lateral veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially; rachis densely clothed with dark brown, ciliate, linear scales. Sori small, rounded, on upper portion of veinlets, irregularly scattered on each side of costa, with or without sterile space; indusia small, rounded-reniform, membranous, entire, caducous.

Forests, shaded wet places; ca. 400 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].

17. Dryopteris stenolepis (Bak.) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 294. 1905.

狭鳞鳞毛蕨  xia lin lin mao jue

Polypodium stenolepis Bak., Kew Bull. 1898: 231. 1898; Dryopteris atrata var. stenolepis (Bak.) Tagawa; D. gamblei (C. Hope) C. Christensen; D. hirtipes var. stenolepis (Bak.) C. Christensen; Nephrodium gamblei C. Hope.

Plants up to 1 m high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, apex with dense pale brown, linear- or broadly lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe ca. 40 cm, ca. 7 mm thick, base gray-brown, toward rachis pale brown, densely dark or black-brown, lanceolate scaly throughout; lamina oblong-lanceolate, up to 70 × ca. 28 cm, base not shortened[??not narrowed], once pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae 30–40 pairs, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 15 × 2 cm, base rounded, margin coarsely dentate or lobed, apices caudate-acuminate. Lamina nearly papery, with black-brown, serrulate, subulate scales along costa abaxially, subglabrous adaxially. Veins pinnate, lateral ones simple, distinct on both surfaces. Sori close to costa, in 3 or 4 rows on each side; indusia small, brown, membranous, easily deciduous.

Streamsides in forests; 700–2200 m. Gansu (Wen Xian), Guangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India].

18. Dryopteris pycnopteroides (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 38. 1913.

密鳞鳞毛蕨  mi lin lin mao jue

Aspidium pycnopteroides Christ, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1906: 116. 1906.

Plants 60–100 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely clothed with glossy, brown, ovate-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown or stramineous at base, 1/4–1/3 as long as lamina, densely clothed with glossy, brown, ovate-lanceolate scales, scales usually appressed, lanceolate and spreading upward; lamina lanceolate, 40–70 × 15–20 cm, base slightly narrowed, once pinnate, apices acuminate, pinnately lobed; pinnae 18–30 pairs, of broad distance apart, lower ones 3–4 cm apart, lanceolate, 10–13 × 10–13 cm, base truncate, shortly stalked, pinnately lobed, apices acuminate or caudate-acuminate; segments apex with 1 or 2 bill-shaped teeth. Lamina herbaceous or papery, greenish brown, both surfaces glabrous; rachis and costa clothed with brown, lanceolate or linear scales abaxially, very dense at base of costa. Veins pinnate, 3 or 4 pairs in each segment, simple, not forked, distinctly raised abaxially, slightly grooved adaxially. Sori rounded, dorsal on veins close to costa, 2 or 3 pairs on each segment; indusia rounded-reniform, membranous, entire, easily deciduous at maturity.

Streamsides in forests; 1800–2800 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, NE and NW Yunnan [?Japan].

19. Dryopteris subpycnopteroides R. C. Ching ex Fraser-Jenkins, Bull. Biol. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14: 199. 1986.

近密鳞鳞毛蕨  jin mi lin lin mao jue

Plants 80–100 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely clothed with glossy brown, ovate-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown or stramineous at base, 1/4–1/3 as long as lamina, densely clothed with shiny, brown, lanceolate, entire scales, usually appressed, narrowing upward, lanceolate, spreading; lamina lanceolate, 40–70 × 15–25 cm, not narrowed to base, once pinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 18–30 pairs, broadly spaced from each other, lower ones 3–4 cm apart, lanceolate, 10–13 × 10–13 cm, base truncate, shortly stalked, pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; segments apices with 1 or 2 bill-shaped teeth. Lamina herbaceous or papery, greenish brown, both surfaces glabrous; rachis and costa with brown, lanceolate or linear scales abaxially, very dense at base of costa. Veins pinnate, 3 or 4 pairs in segment, simple, not forked, distinctly raised abaxially, slightly grooved adaxially. Sori rounded, dorsal on veins, close to costa, leaving a broad sterile belt on each side; indusia rounded-reniform, membranous, entire, easily deciduous at maturity.

· Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 2300–2800 m. NW Yunnan.

This species, now only found in NW Yunnan, is most closely related to Dryopteris pycnopteroides in general characters, from which it can be distinguished by being less narrowed to the lamina base, and with a broad sterile space on each side of the midrib.

20. Dryopteris thibetica (Franchet) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 293. 1905.

陇蜀鳞毛蕨  long shu lin mao jue

Aspidium thibeticum Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris Ser. 2, 10: 118. 1887; Nephrodium thibeticum (Franchet) Bak.

Plants up to 50 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, short, apex with dense black-brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe ca. 10 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, brown when dry, up to rachis densely clothed with brown, lanceolate, sparsely dentate scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 40 cm, 20–25 cm wide at middle, narrowed downward, once pinnate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, lanceolate, middle ones 10–14 × 2–3 cm, base truncate, pinnatifid, apices caudate-acuminate; segments 7–9 pairs, well-spaced pinnae, clothed with brown, lanceolate scales on costa abaxially, subglabrous adaxially, apices obtuse, subentire, with narrow hyaline-membranous margin. Sori rounded, 5–7 pairs in each segment somehow close to margin, arranged in V-shape; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, membranous, easily deciduous.

· Forests; 1800–2200 m. Gansu (Wen Xian), Sichuan, Yunnan.

21. Dryopteris lunanensis (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 276. 276. 1905.

路南鳞毛蕨  lu nan lin mao jue

Aspidium lunanense Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 266. 1898; Dryopteris semipinnata R. C. Ching.

Plants up to 80 cm. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with black-brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe ca. 32 cm, ca. 5 mm thick at base, throughout rachis densely clothed with linear-lanceolate, black scales; lamina narrowly ovate, ca. 48 cm, ca. 30 cm wide at middle part, once pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 18 pairs, alternate, subsessile, lanceolate, ca. 16 × 2.4 cm, narrowed toward base, pinnatifid, apices caudate-acuminate; segments ca. 7 × 5 mm, apices sharply dentate. Veins pinnate, simple, acroscopic basal vein not arriving at sinus. Lamina herbaceous, glabrous; costa with black, lanceolate scales abaxially. Sori dorsal on veins, uniseriate on each side of costa, between costa and pinna margin; indusia brown, membranous, easily deciduous.

· Forests; ca. 900 m. Gansu (Wen Xian), Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.

22. Dryopteris microlepis (Bak.) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 36. 1913.

细鳞鳞毛蕨  xi lin lin mao jue

Nephrodium microlepis Bak., Kew Bull. 1906: 10. 1906; Dryopteris nakanensis R. C. Ching.

Plants 40–60 cm high. Rhizome erect or prostrate, apex with dense brown or dark brown, subulate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose or approximate; stipe stramineous to pale brown, 10–20 cm, 2–3 mm thick, base densely clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate, dentate scales. Scale easily deciduous; lamina 25–50 × 10–20 cm, base slightly narrowed or not, once pinnate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, pinnately lobed; pinnae 12–21 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, subequally distant, lanceolate, 5–6 × ca. 1 cm, base slightly auriculate, broadly cuneate, with short stalk, margin pinnately lobed or incised, apex acuminate. Lamina pale green when dried, papery, both surfaces subglabrous; rachis densely clothed with brown linear scales, with brown small scales abaxially on costa. Veins pinnate, 2 or 3 pairs in each segment, not forked, not obvious on both surfaces. Sori small, in 2 rows or rarely 1 row along each side of costa; indusia ferruginous, small, fugacious.

· Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 1600–1200 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.

23. Dryopteris paralunanensis W. M. Chu ex S. G. Lu, Guhaia 11: 225. 1991.

假路南鳞毛蕨  jia lu nan lin mao jue

Plants up to 50 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending, with dense, dark brown, linear-lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 16 cm, ca. 5 mm at base, densely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate, fimbriate scales; lamina narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 30 cm, middle part up to 16 cm wide, once pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 17 pairs, alternate, shortly stalked, lanceolate, ca. 8 × 1.6 cm, pinnatifid, apex acuminate; segments ca. 8 × 5 mm, margin entire, apices dentate. Veins pinnate, lateral ones simple, ca. 5 pairs in each segment. Lamina herbaceous, subglabrous adaxially, with brown, lanceolate, fimbriate scales along rachis and costa, clothed with linear scales. Sori dorsal on lateral veins, uniseriate along each side of costa; indusia pale brown, membranous, entire.

· Broad-leaved evergreen forests; ca. 2800 m_[??]. Yunnan (Xinping Xian).

24. Dryopteris conjugata R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 63. 1941.

连合鳞毛蕨  lian he lin mao jue

Dryopteris subconjugata S. G. Lu.

Plants 80–120 cm. Rhizome prostrate, densely scaly; scales ferruginous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, up to 3 cm. Fronds approximate; stipe dark stramineous, 20–35 cm, ca. 0.8 cm thick at base, densely scaly; scales dark brown, lanceolate, 2–3 cm, apex fibrillous, entire; lamina lanceolate, 60–70 cm, middle part ca. 28 cm wide, base slightly narrowed, once pinnatifid to half way, pinnately lobed, apex acuminate; pinnae 30–40 pairs, lanceolate, ca. 14 cm; pinna up to 2 cm wide at middle, and wider toward and again at base, sessile, apex caudate-acuminate. Lamina thinly papery, greenish brown abaxially and dark green adaxially when dried, both surfaces glabrous; rachis densely clothed with dark brown, linear-lanceolate, glossy, entire scales; costa clothed with brown, linear, broadly based, subulate scales. Veins pinnate, simple or forked, raised abaxially, slightly visible adaxially. Sori rounded, 2 or 3 pairs on each lobe, on lower part, between margin and costa, near costa, with sterile apices; indusia small, rounded-reniform, thin, easily deciduous.

Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 1100–2300 m. NW and SE Yunnan [NW India, Nepal].

25. Dryopteris panda (C. B. Clarke) Christ, Acad. Geogr. Bot. 20: 176. 1909.

大果鳞毛蕨  da guo lin mao jue

Nephrodium filix-mas var. panda C. B. Clarke, Trans. Soc. Lond. II. Bot. 1: 519. 1880; Dryopteris bonatianum (Brause) Fraser-Jenkins; D. yui Ching; Polystichum bonatianum Brause.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome prostrate or obliquely ascending, with dark brown, ovate-rounded scales. Fronds approximate or caespitose; stipe stramineous, 20–30 cm, base with appressed scales similar to rhizome, subglabrous upward or rarely with membranous scales; lamina ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 40–50 × 20–25 cm, wide at middle part, not narrowed to base, once pinnate, apex acuminate, pinnate; pinnae 12–18 pairs, far from each other, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, 6–9(–14) × 2(–4) cm, base usually broadly cuneate, shortly stalked, apices acuminate; lower pinnae usually broader at base, pinnatifid or deeply so; segments 10–15 pairs, oblong, entire or incised at margin, rounded or truncate, or deltoid-dentate at apex; basiscopic segment in basal pairs of pinna longer than acroscopic one. Lamina papery, yellow-green or green, both surfaces glabrous. Occasionally on rachis and costa: base clothed with brown, lanceolate scales. Veins pinnate, simple or 2-forked, raised abaxially, not obvious adaxially. Sori large, rounded, uniseriate along each side of costa, or 2 or 3 pairs on segments (especially basal ones), close to costa or costule; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, thick, with white margin.

Mixed forests; 1300–3100 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Nepal].

26. Dryopteris tokyoensis (Matsumura ex Makino) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 298. 1905.

东京鳞毛蕨  dong jing lin mao jue

Nephrodium tokyoense Matsumura ex Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 87. 1898, nom. nud.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 81. 1899; Dryopteris sanmingensis R. C. Ching.

Plants 90–110 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, apex with dense, brown, broadly lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 20–25 cm, clothed with broadly lanceolate scales; scales sparse from middle of stipe onward; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 60–85 × 12–15 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 30–40 pairs, alternate, obliquely ascending, shortly stalked, narrowly lanceolate, middle pinnae 8–9.5 × 1.2–1.6 cm, wide at base, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, margin pinnatifid, sometimes almost to rachis, apex acuminate. Lower pinnae gradually shortened, basal pair ca. 4 cm, pinnatifid to pinnate; segments oblong, margin entire or serrulate, apices rounded and serrulate. Veins pinnate; lateral ones 2-forked, running to leaf margin. Lamina papery, both surfaces glabrous, only with small fibriform scales abaxially on costa base. Usually upper pinnae fertile. Sori large, rounded, at middle of veinlets, uniseriate along costa rather close to costa; indusia rounded-reniform, entire, persistent.

Forests, damp places, marshes; 1000–1200 m. Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].

27. Dryopteris costalisora Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 88. 1934.

近中肋鳞毛蕨  jin zhong le lin mao jue

Plants 40–60 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending, densely scaly; scales ferruginous or pale brown, ovate-lanceolate, denticulate. Fronds approximate; stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm, densely clothed with brown scales; scales ovate-lanceolate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, apices acuminate, entire, sparse upward; lamina lanceolate, 13–18 × 5–8 cm, base truncate, once pinnate, acute or acuminate; pinnae horizontally spreading, narrowly elliptic, with brown, lanceolate or fibriform scales abaxially on costa, glabrous adaxially, apices obtuse, shortly stalked, margin lobed. Sori rounded, large, in 1(rarely 2) rows on each side of costa; indusia rounded-reniform, conchiform, entire.

· Forests; 2800–3300 m. Taiwan (Ali Shan, Yu Shan).

The type specimen of this species is conserved in Kyoto University, which bears immature sori. The above description follows this in the protologue.

28. Dryopteris woodsiisora Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 158. 1916.

细叶鳞毛蕨  xi ye lin mao jue

Dryopteris neochrysocoma R. C. Ching; D. taishanensis F. Z. Li & C. K. Ni; D. tenuissima Tagawa; D. zizongii Z. R. Wang & Fraser-Jenkins.

Plants up to 60 cm high. Rhizome erect or ascending, short, densely clothed with brown, membranous, ovate, fimbriate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, (4–)6–20 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, lower part sparsely clothed with broadly lanceolate scales, and scales gradually becoming smaller upward; lamina ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, (9–)20–50 × (3.5–)6–17 cm, slightly narrowed at base, once pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnae 12–20 pairs, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–9 × 1.5–2.5 cm, base slightly broad, subsessile or shortly stalked, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; basal 1 or 2 pairs slightly shortened, pinnatifid; segments 5–10 pairs, oblong, margin slightly toothed, apex obtuse. Veins pinnate; veinlets 2- or 3-forked. Lamina papery, both surfaces glandular pubescent, with sparse small scales on costa. Sori rounded, dorsal on veinlets, 1–6 on each segment; indusia pale brown, conchiform, membranous, entire, glandular pubescent, perfectly covering sorus, persistent; 32 spores in each sorus, spore elliptic, with granular patterns.

Rock crevices. Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Thailand].

29. Dryopteris himachalensis Fraser-Jenkins, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat, Hist. 18: 367. 1989.

木里鳞毛蕨  mu li lin mao jue

Dryoteris pectinatopinnata R. C. Ching ex Z. R. Wang.

Plants up to 60 cm high. Rhizome creeping, densely scaly; scales dark brown, linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. Fronds approximate; stipe brown or dark stramineous, 1/4–1/3 as long as lamina, densely clothed with lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, dark brown scales; lamina lanceolate, ca. 45 × 14 cm, wide at middle, base narrowed, once pinnate-pinnatifid, apex acuminate, pinnately lobed; pinnae 15–24 pairs, lanceolate, ca. 7 × 1.5 cm, widest at base, truncate, sessile, pinnatifid, acuminate; segments 10–13 pairs, oblong, both sides parallel, connected at base, rarely with linear scales abaxially, near costa, glabrous adaxially, apex obtuse, sparsely dentate. Lamina brown, papery when dry; rachis and costa with brown, linear-lanceolate scales; veins pinnate, simple or 2-forked, somewhat obvious on both surfaces. Sori rounded, 3 or 4(or 5) pairs to each segment, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa and close to it, segments apex sterile; indusia conchiform, perfectly embracing sorus.

Picea or Abies forests; 3200–3400 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan [W India].

30. Dryopteris alpicola R. C. Ching & Z. R. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 349. 1985.

高山金冠鳞毛蕨  gao shan jin guan lin mao jue

Dryopteris chrysocoma (Christ) C. Christensen var. alpine R. C. Ching, p.p.[??], non D. alpine Ros. 1931.

Plants 25–40 cm high. Rhizome short, obliquely ascending, densely clothed with linear and linear-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown or dark stramineous, 5–10 cm, densely scaly; scales brown, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, entire; lamina narrowly elliptic, 20–30 × 8–10 cm, wide at middle, base narrowed, 3–5 cm wide, once pinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 10–15 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, connected to each other, middle pinnae 4–5 × ca. 1.5 cm, sessile, apex obtuse-acute; basal 2 or 3 pairs shortened, basalmost pairs 2–3 cm, lobed or pinnatifid; segments 6–8 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, ca. 7 × 4 mm, entire, apex obtuse, deltoid-dentate. Lamina herbaceous, thin, green or pale brown, with brown, linear scales and glandular hairs abaxially, rarely with glandular hairs adaxially, densely clothed with linear and lanceolate scales along rachis and costa. Veins pinnate, 2-forked, raised abaxially, grooved adaxially, apex with distinct water sacs. Sori rounded, in 1 row on each side of costa, or 2 or 3 pairs on each segment, on apices of basal veinlets; indusia conchiform, completely covering sori at maturity, with short glandular hairs and linear scales.

Alpine grasslands or Picea and Abies forests; 2800–3400 m. Sichuan (Muli), NW and W Yunnan [Nepal].

31. Dryopteris chrysocoma (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 257. 1905.

金冠鳞毛蕨  jin guan lin mso[??] jue

Plants 30–120 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales light ferruginous, lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, apex hairlike, usually twisted. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 1/4–1/2 as long as lamina; scales pale brown or dark brown, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller toward rachis; lamina ovate-lanceolate, 20–80 × 10–35 cm, narrowed toward base, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, lanceolate, ca. 15 × 2 cm, base truncate, sessile, pinnately parted; pinnules ca. 13 pairs, opposite or subalternate, suboblong, connected with costa by narrow wings, incised-serrate on margin, apices obtuse, crenate, slightly protruding on both sides of base. Veins distinct abaxially, not obvious adaxially, mostly 2-forked. Lamina subleathery or papery, dark brown adaxially, brown abaxially, with brown, lanceolate scales along [??]. Sori rounded-reniform, on veinlet-middle of lower part of segments, 3 or 4 pairs on each segment; indusia large, conchiform, completely covering sorus at maturity.

Thickets, broad-leaved evergreen forest margins; 2400–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

1a.. Stipe and rachis clothed with pale brown or brown, ovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate scales  31a. var. chrysocoma

1b.. Stipe and rachis densely clothed with brown or dark brown, oblong-lanceolate scales  31b. var. squamosa

31a. Dryopteris chrysocoma var. chrysocoma

金冠鳞毛蕨  jin guan lin mao jue

Aspidium filix-mas var. chrysocoma Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 6: 966. 1898; A. chrysocoma Christ, 1902; Dryopteris chrysocoma (Christ) C. Christensen var. apina R. C. Ching, p.p.[??]; D. chrysocoma var. gracilis R. C. Ching, p.p., not D. gracilis (Moore) R. C. Ching, 1938, nor D. gracilis (Hew.) Domen, 1929; D. chrysocoma (Christ) C. Christensen var. major R. C. Ching; D. fangii R. C. Ching ex Z. R. Wang; D. pseudochrysocoma R. C. Ching ex Z. R. Wang, nom. nud.; Nephrosium chrysocoma (Christ) Handel-Mazzetti.

Stipe and rachis clothed with pale brown or brown, ovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate scales.

Thickets, broad-leaved evergreen forest margins; 2400–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

31b. Dryopteris chrysocoma var. squamosa (C. Christensen) R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 438. 1938.

密鳞金冠鳞毛蕨  mi lin jin guan lin mao jue

Dryopteris cochleata (Don) C. Christensen var. squamosa C. Christensen, Acta Hort. Gothob. 1: 59. 1924.

Stipe and rachis densely clothed with brown or dark brown, oblong-lanceolate scales.

· Evergreen forests; 2600–3000 m. W Yunnan.

32. Dryopteris huangshanensis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 421. 1938, sphalm, ut “whang-shangensis”.

黄山鳞毛蕨  huang shan lin mao jue

Dryopteris crassirhizoma var. whangshangensis (Ching) Fraser-Jenkens; D. huanganshanensis R. C. Ching ex Ling.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales dark brown, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 cm, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm, 3–4 mm thick; scales dark brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, margin fimbrillate; lamina lanceolate, 30–40 × 10–12 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, once pinnate-pinnatifid, apex acuminate; pinnae 20–22 pairs, horizontally or obliquely spreading, connected to each other, lanceolate, 5–6 × ca. 1.2 cm, wide at base; basal 3 or 4 pairs gradually shortened to 3–3.5 cm, pinnatipartite; segments ca. 16 pairs, oblong, 5–6 × 2–2.5 mm, margin shallowly lobed, usually reflexed, apex truncate, coarsely 3- or 4-dentate. Lamina herbaceous, pale brown; rachis densely clothed with brown, linear or linear-lanceolate, fimbrillate scales adaxially, dark brown, lanceolate, fimbrillate scales abaxially; costa and costule clothed with ovate, base fimbrillate scales on both surfaces, upper ones pale. Veins pinnate, not forked. Sori borne at apex of segments, 5 or 6 pairs on each segment, marginal, those on upper part of lamina, often protruding out from margin at maturity; indusia pale brown, small, rounded-reniform, entire.

· Forests; 1200–1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

33. Dryopteris pulcherrima R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 422. 1938.

豫陕鳞毛蕨  yu shan lin mao jue

Dryopteris canaliculata R. C. Ching.

Plants 35–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely pale brown, lanceolate scaly. Fronds caespitose; stipe 3–5 cm, densely brown or black brown, broadly lanceolate scaly; lamina narrowly elliptic, [??]long, 8–11 cm wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 25 pairs, horizontally spreading, contiguous, 1.3–2 cm apart, shortly stalked, middle pinnae lanceolate, 4–6 mm, ca. 1.5 cm wide at base, acuminate, lower several pairs gradually shortened, basal one only 1.5–2 cm, pinnatipartite; segments ca. 13 pairs, slightly obliquely spreading, contiguous, oblong, basal one 6–8 × 2.5–4 mm, margin entire or irregularly lobed, apex truncate or rounded. Lamina gray-green, herbaceous, both surfaces glabrous. Veins pinnate, not obvious on both surfaces, simple, rarely 2-forked; rachis densely scaly; scales pale brown, broadly lanceolate, apex subulate; costa scales linear or linear-lanceolate. Sori rounded, small, 2 or 3 pairs on each segment, close to margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform.

· Forests, shaded moist places in valleys; 1500–2300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang.

Some specimens of this species have been misdetermined as Dryopteris polylepis (Franchet & Savatier) C. Christensen in FRPS (5: 136). It differs from D. polylepis by having narrowly elliptic instead of elliptic lamina, rachis clothed with adpressed, pale brown scales instead of not adpressed, dark brown scales. Dryopteris polylepis only occurs in Japan.

34. Dryopteris yigongensis R. C. Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 253. 1983.

易贡鳞毛蕨  yi gong lin mao jue

Plants 40–55 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales ferruginous, lanceolate, or subulate at apex, ca. 2.5 cm. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, 10–14 cm, ca. 2 mm thick, base densely clothed with dark brown or almost black, lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm scales; lamina oblong, 35–40 cm, 15–17 cm at middle, base slightly narrowed, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 25 pairs, horizontally spreading, alternate, shortly stalked, 2–2.5 cm apart, middle pinnae ca. 8 cm, base 1.5–1.8 cm wide; lower several pairs slightly shortened, basal pair 5–6 cm, lanceolate, base truncate, symmetrical, pinnate, apex long acuminate; pinnules 14–16 pairs, subhorizontally spreading, contiguous, elongate-square, 7–10 mm, basal pair not longer than upper ones, ca. 3.5 mm wide, narrowed toward truncate apex, entire or sparsely dentate, basal pinna lobes only joined at their base and becoming separated at very base. Lamina yellowish green, thinly papery, both surfaces with sparse, brown, fibrillose scales, abaxial side of costa with sparse brown narrowly lanceolate scales, and abaxial side of rachis with sparse blackish linear-lanceolate scales, mixed with brown fibrillose scales and small scales. Fertile in upper 1/3 of lamina; sori middle sized, 4 or 5 pairs on each segment, close to costa; indusia ferruginous, papery, crispate at maturity, persistent.

Forests; 2500–2600 m. SE Xizang, NE Yunnan [India].

35. Dryopteris squamifera R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 250. 1983.

褐鳞鳞毛蕨  he lin lin mao jue

Dryopteris discreta R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu; D. incisolobata Ching; D. nyalamensis R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu, [‘nyalamense’]; D. nyalamensis var. angustipinnata R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu; D. qamdoensis R. C. Ching; D. zayuensis R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu.

Plants 40–70 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales brown, broadly lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe 10–12 cm, with scales and fibrillose scales; scales brown, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, or subulate at apex, 1.5–2 cm × 2–5 mm, margin sharply dentate; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 50–60 × 12–15 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed downward, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae 18–25 pairs, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, base ca. 2.5 cm wide, apex obtuse-acute; middle pinnae up to 9 cm, basal pairs ca. 3 cm, pinnately parted; segments 10–13 pairs, horizontally or slightly obliquely spreading, oblong, ca. 1 cm × 4–5 mm, margin obtuse-toothed or undulate, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate, sparsely deltoid-denticulate. Lamina papery, yellow-green abaxially when dry, clothed with black-brown lanceolate and brown broadly lanceolate scales, and brown fibrillose scales, green adaxially, less scales adaxially; lamina and costa with sparse, pale brown fibrillose scales abaxially; veins pinnate, forked, slightly distinct on both surfaces. Sori rounded, in regular 2 rows between costa and margin; indusia rounded-reniform, papery, ferruginous.

· Abies forests; 2800–3900. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

36. Dryopteris sinofibrillosa R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 180. 1940.

纤维鳞毛蕨  xian wei lin mao jue

Dryopteris fibrillosa (C. B. Clarke) Handel-Mazzetti; D. filix-mas subsp. fibrillosa (C. B. Clarke) C. Christensen; Nephrodium clarkei Bak. var. fibrillosa (C. B. Clarke) Handel-Mazzetti; N. filix-mas (Linnaeus) Rich. var. fibrillosum C. B. Clarke.

Plants 40–70 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales dark brown, lanceolate, or subulate at apex, margin dentate. Fronds caespitose; stipe 10–15 cm, base densely clothed with black-brown, narrowly lanceolate, apex subulate, twisted, gradually sparse upward; lamina lanceolate, base narrowed, 30–55 × ca. 15 cm, wide at middle, bipinnate, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae ca. 25 pairs, subhorizontally spreading, alternate or subopposite, ca. 2 cm apart, lanceolate, base widest, subsessile, acuminate; middle pinnae ca. 7 × 1.5 cm, basal pairs gradually shortened, basal pair only ca. 3 cm, pinnatipartite; segments 14–16 pairs, slightly obliquely spreading, narrowly spaced from each other, oblong, ca. 1 cm × 3–4 mm, margin subentire, slightly reflexed, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate, slightly toothed or undulate. Lamina thinly papery, with pale brown scales abaxially, yellow-brown, glabrous adaxially; rachis with dark brown, lanceolate scales at lower part abaxially; upper scales brown and with brown, fibrillose scales; costa with sparse scale hairs abaxially; veins visible abaxially. Sori rounded, between costa and margin; indusia rounded-reniform. n = 82.

Coniferous forests; 2800–4000 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].

37. Dryopteris fibrillosissima R. C. Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 254. 1983.

近纤维鳞毛蕨  jin xian wei lin mao jue

Plants 30–50 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales ferruginous, lanceolate, or subulate at upper part, 1.5–2 cm. Fronds caespitose; stipe 7–14 cm, ca. 2 mm thick, base densely scaly; scales dark brown to nearly black, broadly lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margin dentate, acuminate; lamina lanceolate, 25–35 × 6–12 cm, base slightly narrowed, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae 15–18 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, ca. 2 cm apart; basal pairs slightly shortened, basal pair ca. 3 cm; middle pinnae ca. 5.5 × 1.5 cm, wide at base, lanceolate, acuminate, base truncate, shortly stalked, once pinnate; pinnules 8–11 pairs, subhorizontally spreading, narrowly spaced from each other, oblong, 5–7 × ca. 3.5 mm, apex rounded, regularly crenate; upper ones slightly joined at base. Lamina papery, yellow-green, both surfaces with sparse, pale brown, fibrillous scales; rachis with dark brown, lanceolate scales and brown fibrillous scales abaxially, 5 or 6 pairs of pinnae from apex fertile. Sori middle sized, 3 or 4 pairs on each pinnule, slightly close to costa; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, spreading at maturity, persistent.

· Thickets, Pinus forests; 1800–3400 m. Sichuan (Muli), Xizang (Bomi).

38. Dryopteris redactopinnata S. K. Basu & Panigrahi, Indian J. For. 3(3): 270. 1980.

藏布鳞毛蕨  zang bu lin mao jue

Dryopteris pseudofibrillosa R. C. Ching; D. tsangpoensis R. C. Ching.

Plants 50–70 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales dark brown, ovate-lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 10–15 cm, ca. 5 mm thick, clothed very densely with scales together with lower part of rachis, and with dense fibrillous scales and few scales upward. Scales black brown, glossy, lanceolate, margin fimbriate. Lamina lanceolate, 30–40 × 8–12 cm, base shortened, bipinnate; pinnae ca. 25 pairs, alternate, 1–1.5 cm apart, lanceolate, base truncate, acuminate; middle pinnae 5–6 × 1–1.2 cm, lower ones gradually shortened, basal one ca. 2 cm, once pinnate; pinnules 12–18 pairs, oblong, length 3× width, subentire, apex rounded, slightly dentate. Veins pinnate; lateral veins simple, rarely 2-forked. Lamina herbaceous, both surfaces with dense, brown scales; costa with sparse, brown scales abaxially. Sori on upper part of lamina, terminating veinlets, 3 or 4 pairs on each pinnule; indusia with brown center, with pale brown margin, often revolute upward.

Picea or Abies forests; 3200–3800 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Kashmir, Pakistan].

组4. 平鳞鳞毛蕨组

39. Dryopteris monticola (Makino) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 278. 1906.

山地鳞毛蕨  shan di lin mao jue

Nephrodium monticola Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 80.1899; Aspidium monticola (Makino) Christ; Dryopteris submonticola Nakai; N. erythrosorum (Eaton) Hooker var. manshuricum Komarov.

Plants 90–100 cm high. Rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with dense scales together with stipe base; scales dark brown, glossy, thick, ovate, ca. 2 × 0.8 cm, entire, with pale brown narrow rim. Fronds approximate; stipe stamineous, glossy, 28–40 cm, with pale brown, lanceolate, entire scales, gradually sparse and smaller upward; lamina oblong or ovate-oblong, 30–55 × 18–30 cm, base slightly or not narrowed, apex abruptly acuminate; rachis with linear, membranous, pale brown scales, bipinnatisect or -partite; pinnae 12–16 pairs, alternate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, middle pinnae ca. 18 × 2.3–3.5 cm, base truncate, shortly stalked, pinnatisect or -partite, apex acuminate or acute; segments narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.4–0.7 cm, sessile, basal pair almost free, others connected widely with pinna rachis, apex obtuse and with a introcurved[??] arista, margin sparsely dentate, each denticle with an introcurved arista at tip; lateral veins pinnate, usually 3 in pinnate groups, all running to frond margin; acroscopic one exserted into arista. Sori rounded, one row at each side of costa, slightly close to costa; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

Hills, broad-leaved forests. Liaoning [Japan, Korea].

40. Dryopteris lepidopoda Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 161. 1914.

黑鳞鳞毛蕨  hei lin lin mao jue

Dryopteris junlianensis H. S. Kung; D. lepidopoda var. phaeocoma R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu; D. longistipes R. C. Ching; D. neolepidopoda Ching & S. K. Wu; D. nigra R. C. Ching; D. taiwanicola Tagawa; Nephrodium filix-mas var. khasiana C. B. Clarke.

Plants 80–90 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, stout, densely clothed with ferruginous, lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 15–30 cm, base densely scaly; scales dense, black or dark brown, linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, apex hairy, gradually sparse upward; lamina ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, base not or slightly narrowed, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, alternate, far apart; middle pinnae 13–14 cm, lanceolate, widest at base, 2.5–3 cm wide, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, acuminate; segments 15–20 pairs, obliquely spreading, margin with incised denticles, with rounded and deltoid-dentate apex. Lamina pale green, papery, clothed with black, linear-lanceolate, basally forked scales on abaxial side of rachis and costa; lateral veins pinnate, forked, distinct abaxially. Sori rounded, 4–6 pairs on each segment, placed between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, falling off at maturity.

Broad-leaved forests; 2300–2500 m. W Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

41. Dryopteris likiangensis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 64. 1941.

丽江鳞毛蕨 li jiang lin mao jue

Dryopteris likiangensis R. C. Ching, non D. lichiangensis (Wright) C. Christensen.

Plants up to 80 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, densely clothed with ferruginous or dark brown, lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 35 cm, ca. 4 mm thick, base densely scaly; scales dark brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, at apex capillary-form, margin spiny dentate, gradually sparse upward; lamina ovate-lanceolate, ca. 40 × 20 cm, base not narrowed, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately lobed and acuminate; pinnae ca. 18 pairs, alternate, contiguous, middle pinnae ca. 10 cm, lanceolate, widest at base, ca. 1.5 cm wide, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, shortly acuminate; segments ca. 10 pairs, slightly obliquely spreading, subentire or sparsely incised on lateral sides, with rounded and sparsely deltoid-dentate apex; pinnae up to ca. 12 cm, middle part up to ca. 3 cm wide, gradually narrowed toward base to 1.8–2 cm wide; basal segments almost free. Lamina pale green, papery, along rachis sparsely clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate, basally forked scales; costa clothed with brown, linear scales; lateral veins pinnate, forked, raised abaxially, obscure adaxially, with distinct water sacs terminating apex. Sori rounded, 3 or 4 pairs on each segment, between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, falling off at maturity.

* Forests; 2900–3000. Yunnan (Dayao, Lijiang).

42. Dryopteris latibasis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 61. 1941.

阔基鳞毛蕨  kuo ji lin mao jue

Plants up to 90 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales brown, linear-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 2–3 cm, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, ca. 38 cm, densely scaly; scales dark brown or black brown, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, dentate, and with brown, fibrillous scales; lamina ovate-lanceolate, ca. 50 cm, base not narrowed, 25–30 cm wide, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately lobed and acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, alternate, far apart, middle pinnae ca. 10 cm, lanceolate, widest at base, 2–2.5 cm, sessile, pinnatipartite, acuminate; segments 15–20 pairs, oblong, margin incised, with rounded, sparsely dentate apices; basal pinnae with lobed basiscopic segments. Lamina herbaceous, along rachis clothed with black lanceolate, and brown fibrillous scales, clothed with brown, fibrillous scales on abaxial side of costa and costule; veins pinnate, forked, veinlets conspicuous and not impressed on both surfaces. Sori rounded, 4–6 pairs on each segment, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa, close to costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, falling off at maturity.

· Mixed forests, streamsides; 2400–2500 m. C, NE, and W Yunnan.

43. Dryopteris yungtzeensis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 60. 1941.

永自鳞毛蕨  yong zi lin mao jue

Plants up to 6 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, densely scaly; scales brown, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown, ca. 10 cm; scales dense, brown, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; lamina elliptic, ca. 55 × 24 cm, wide at middle, base narrowed, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately lobed, acuminate; pinnae 20–25 pairs, alternate, narrow distance apart, often somewhat imbricate, middle pinnae ca. 12 cm, widest at base, ca. 2 cm wide, sessile, pinnatipartite, apex acuminate or obtusely pointed; segments ca. 14 pairs, somewhat connected and slightly overlapped, especially basal ones, slightly elliptic, often wider at middle, sparsely incised on lateral sides, with rounded-obtuse, deltoid-dentate apices. Lamina dark brown abaxially, brown adaxially, herbaceous; veins pinnae, forked, distinct abaxially, obscure adaxially . Sori rounded, 3–5 pairs on each segment, in 1 row on each side of costa, between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, entire.

· Forests; 2800–3000 m. Yunnan (Deqin, Weixi).

44. Dryopteris habaensis R. C. Ching, Sunyatsenia 6: 2. 1941.

哈巴鳞毛蕨  ha ba lin mao jue

Plants ca. 90 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending, apex densely scaly; scales dark brown, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 cm, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, 15–25 cm; scales dark brown, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, or brown, linear-lanceolate, margin sparsely dentate; lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 70 × 22 cm, wide at middle, base narrowed, ca. 10 cm wide, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately lobed, acuminate; pinnae 25–30 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, widely separated; middle pinnae lanceolate, ca. 11 × 1–1.5 cm, wide at base, base truncate, subsessile, tapered, apex acuminate; lowest pinnae pair ca. 5 cm, deltoid-lanceolate, pinnatipartite; segments ca. 16 pairs, obliquely spreading, approximate, oblong, incised-serrate on lateral sides, apices obtuse, deltoid-serrate. Lamina herbaceous, green-brown abaxially, pale brown adaxially, both surfaces subglabrous, along rachis clothed with dark brown, lanceolate or brown, linear-lanceolate scales, clothed with brown, lanceolate scales along costa and costule; veins pinnate, often simple, not forked, slightly conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially. Sori rounded, 4 or 5 pairs on each segment, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa, between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, entire. 32 spores per sorus.

· Mixed forests, streamsides; 2800–3200 m. NW Yunnan.

45. Dryopteris coreano-montana Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: 132. 1921.

东北亚鳞毛蕨  dong bei ya lin mao jue

Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai var. setosa (Christ) Miyabe & Kudo.

Plants 70–120 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout; scales ferruginous, oblong-lanceolate, thin, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe ebeneous or brown, glossy, 10–20 cm, densely scaly; scales dark brown, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 cm × 3–4 mm, entire, long acuminate; lamina elliptic-lanceolate, 60–80 × 20–25 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 30 pairs, obliquely spreading, alternate, 2–4 cm apart, lanceolate, ca. 13 × 2.5 cm, pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnules ca. 18 pairs, horizontally spreading, approximate, lower 2 or 3 pairs separate, connected by narrowly wing upward, oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 4–6 mm, pinnatilobate on lateral sides, apex rounded, slightly narrowed, deltoid-dentate. Lamina thinly papery when dried, pale green, both surfaces subglabrous; veins pinnate, distinct on both surfaces; rachis with dense, pale brown, lanceolate scales and fibrillous scales. Sori 1 on each pinnule, regularly in 1 row between costa and margin; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, papery.

Meadows, damp places. Heilongjiang, Jilin [Japan, Korea, Russia].

46. Dryopteris filix-mas (Linnaeus) Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 9. 1834.

欧洲鳞毛蕨  ou zhou lin mao jue

Polypodium filix-mas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1090. 1753.

Plants 50–120 cm high. Rhizome creeping, apex densely scaly; scales pale brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex capillary-form. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 20–30 cm, 3–8 mm thick, clothed with pale brown narrow lanceolate, fimbriate-margin scales and fibrillous scales together with rachis; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 50–60 × 20–30 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, bipinnate, apex pinnately lobed, acuminate; pinnae ca. 28 pairs, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, 12–20 × 1.5–2.5 cm, ca. 2 cm apart from each other, base truncate, shortly stalked, apices acuminate; lower pinnae far apart, basal pairs shortened, 2/3 as long as middle pinnae, pinnate; pinnules 18–19 pairs, obliquely spreading, apart from each other, 1–1.5 cm × ca. 5 mm, oblong, incised-dentate on lateral sides, apices obtuse, narrowly adnate to costa at base. Lamina papery, pale green; veins pinnate, forked, 6 or 7 pairs on each pinnule, not obvious on both surfaces, almost glabrous except with sparse fibrillose scales on costa. Sori 3 or 4 pairs on each pinnule, on each side of costa, and close to it, leaving sterile space on apices of pinnules; indusia pale brown, rounded-reniform, papery, margin incised, persistent.

Coniferous forests, streamsides; 1500–1900 m. N and NW Xinjiang [C Asia[??countries], Europe, North America].

47. Dryopteris wallichiana (Sprengel) Hylander, Bot. Not. 1953: 352. 1953.

大羽鳞毛蕨  da yu lin mao jue

Plants up to 1 m high or more. Rhizome erect, stout, densely clothed with red-brown or brown, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 30 cm, ca. 8 mm thick, base densely clothed with lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, capillary-pointed apices, brown or dark brown, or usually black-based scales, gradually sparse upward; lamina ovate lanceolate or lanceolate, base slightly narrowed, bipinnatipartite, apex pinnately lobed and acuminate; pinnae 25–30 pairs, alternate, far apart, middle pinnae lanceolate, 12–14 cm, widest at base, 2.5–3 cm wide, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, apex acuminate; segments 13–22 pairs, obliquely spreading, margin subentire or sparsely incised, with translucent, cartilaginous edges, apices truncate or obtuse, sparsely deltoid-dentate. Lamina pale green, thinly leathery, with dark brown or brown lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, forked-base scales, along costa clothed with brown linear scales and fibrillous scales; lateral veins pinnate, forked, obvious adaxially, apices with brown water sacs. Sori rounded, 4–6 pairs on each segment, between costa and margin, close to costa, or between costa and margin and not close to costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, falling off at maturity.

Tsuga or Picea forests; 1500–3600 m. Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal].

1a.. Plant up to 1 m high or more; sori close to costa ......................................  47a. var. wallichiana

1b.. Plant less than 1 m high; sori at middle of costa and margin, not close to costa  47b. var. kweichowicola

 

47a. Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana

大羽鳞毛蕨(原变种)  da yu lin mao jue (yuan bian zhong)

Aspidium wallichianum Sprengel, Sys. Veg. ed. 16, 4(1): 104. 1827, non C. Presl ex Kunze 1851; A. donianum Sprengel; A. paleaceum Lagasca ex Sw.; A. paleaceum D. Don; A. parallelogrammum Kunze; A. patentissimum Wallich; Dryopteris cyrtolepis Hayata; D. doiana Tagawa; D. doniana (Sprengel) R. C. Ching; D. pachyphylla Hayata; D. parallelogrammum (Kunze) Alston; D. quatanensis R. C. Ching; D. wallichiana var. himalaica R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu Nephrodium parallelogrammum f. patentissimum (Wallich ex Kunze) C. Hope.

Plants up to 1 m high or more. Sori between costa and margin, close to costa.

Tsuga or Picea forests; 1500–3600 m. Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal].

47b. Dryopteris wallichiana var. kweichowicola (R. C. Ching & P. S. Wang) S. K. Wu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 5(1): 149. 2000.

贵州鳞毛蕨  gui zhou lin mao jue

Dryopteris kweichowicola R. C. Ching & P. S. Wang, J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 120. 1990.

Plant less than 1 m high. Sori at middle of costa and margin, not close to costa.

· Guizhou.

48. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Cat. Sem. Spor, Hort, Univ. Imp. Tokyo 32. 1920.

粗茎鳞毛蕨  cu jing lin mao jue

Plants up to 1 m high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, stout, densely scaly together with stipe. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, much shorter than lamina; scales pale brown to dark brown, glossy, membranous or thickly membranous, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 1–3 cm, sparsely echinate on margin; lower scales larger, gradually narrowed upward; upper scales linear to subulate, and twisted; lamina oblong to oblanceolate, 50–120 × 15–30 cm, base narrowed, bipinnatripartite, apex shortly acuminate; pinnae often more than 30 pairs, linear-lanceolate, sessile; upper pinnae longer, 8–15 × 1.5–3 cm, pinnae gradually shortened toward both ends; lower pinnae distinctly shortened, pinnatipartite; segments approximate, oblong, 2–5 mm wide, segment base adnate widely with costa, margin shallowly obtuse-dentate or subentire, apex rounded or obtuse. Lamina thickly herbaceous to papery, pale green; rachis clothed with linear to lanceolate, contorted, ferruginous scales; costa clothed with ovate-lanceolate, long ciliate scales; both surfaces and margins of segments with sparse, contorted scales and fibrillous scales; veins pinnate, lateral ones forked, rarely simple. Sori rounded, dorsal on upper 1/3–1/2 of segment on lower veinlets, 1–4 pairs to each segment; indusia brown, rarely tinged with pale green or grayish green, rounded-reniform or hippocrepiform, subentire, membranous, not completely covering sorus; spores episporiatus. n = 41.

Forests, hills. [Japan, Korea, Russia].

49. Dryopteris rosthornii (Diels) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 289. 1905.

川西鳞毛蕨  chuan xi lin mao jue

Nephrodium rosthornii Diels in Engler, Bot. Jarb. Syst. 29: 190. 1900; Aspidium filix-mas var. omeiense Christ; Dryopteris centrochinensis R. C. Ching; D. filix-mas subsp. fibrillosa var. rosthornii (Diels) C. Christensen; D. hupehensis R. C. Ching; D. omeicola R. C. Ching; D. xanthomelas C. Christensen.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, densely scaly; scales black or dark brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe ca. 14 cm, ca. 4 mm thick, base densely scaly; scales dark brown, broadly lanceolate; upper part together with rachis clothed with glossy, black-brown, linear-lanceolate and linear, dentate scales; lamina elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 60 × 18 cm, wide at middle, tapered to base to ca. 10 cm wide, bipinnatifid; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, broadly lanceolate, ca. 9 × 2.5 cm, widest at middle, base subrounded, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, lobed nearly to costa, apex caudate-acuminate; segments ca. 15 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, ca. 1.2 cm × 4 mm, remotely dentate, apex obtuse. Lamina herbaceous; costa with black-brown, linear-lanceolate scales abaxially, with sparse, brown scales adaxially. Veins pinnate, 2-forked, acroscopic basal veinlet single. Sori rounded, on upper part of lamina, 4–6 pairs to each segment, between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, membranous.

· Forests; 1500–2500 m. Gansu (Xigu), Guizhou, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

50. Dryopteris neorosthornii R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 62. 1941.

近川西鳞毛蕨  jin chuan xi lin mao jue

Plants 100–120 cm high. Rhizome erect; scales dense, brown, lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm, ca. 5 mm thick, base densely scaly; scales dark brown, broadly lanceolate, 60–80 × ca. 24 cm, wide at middle, base narrowed, ca. 14 cm wide, bipinnatipartite; pinnae ca. 30 pairs, horizontally spreading, close to each other, shortly stalked, lanceolate, ca. 12 × 2.5 cm, often middle widest, base truncate, pinnatipartite, lobed nearly to costa, apex acuminate; segments ca. 20 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, ca. 1.4 cm × 4 mm, remotely dentate, apex obtuse. Lamina herbaceous; rachis with dark brown, lanceolate, dentate scales; veins pinnate, 2-forked; acroscopic basal veinlet single, distinct abaxially. Sori rounded, on upper part of lamina, 4–6 pairs on each segment, between costa and margin, close to costa; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, membranous.

Forests; 1500–3100 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

组5. 高山鳞毛蕨组 Sect. Caespitosae

51. Dryopteris barbigera (T. Moore & Hooker) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 812. 1891.

多鳞鳞毛蕨  duo lin lin mao jue

Nephrodium barbigerum T. Moore & Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 113. 1862; N. falconeri Hooker.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome caespitose, densely clothed with ferruginous, ovate or oblong-lanceolate scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe 20–30 cm, up to 1 cm wide, with scales and brown fibrillous scales; lamina ovate or oblong-lanceolate, not narrowed to base, tripinnatipartite, apex obtuse; pinnae more than 20 pairs, lanceolate, ca. 13 × 3 cm, shortly stalked, bipinnate, obtuse; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, oblong, base adnate to costa, pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, margin with deltoid, acute teeth, reflexed when dried, apices ± rounded. Lamina yellowish green; veins distinct on both surfaces; rachis, costa, and costule all densely clothed with brown fibrillous scales and narrowly lanceolate scales. One sori on each pinnule, on each side of costule; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, often early deciduous.

Thickets, grasslands, slopes; 3600–4700 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan [N India, Kashmir, Nepal].

This is a dominant species on thicket-grasslands upon[??] forest zone in W Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, and N Yunnan.

52. Dryopteris tingiensis R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu ex Fraser-Jenkins, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14(3): 202. 1986.

定结鳞毛蕨  ding jie lin mao jue

Plants ca. 30 cm high. Rhizome erect. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown, 4–5 cm, with dense, brown or black brown, often with pale-brown margin scales; lamina oblong-lanceolate, ca. 25 × 8–10 cm, gradually narrowed toward base, bipinnatipartite, apex obtuse; pinnae 13–15 pairs, horizontally spreading, narrow distance apart, middle pinnae 4–5 × ca. 1.5 cm, gradually shortened toward base of lamina, basal pair 1–2 cm, lanceolate, base truncate, sessile, pinnatipartite, apex obtuse; segments 8–10 pairs, oblong, base adnate to costa by narrow wings; basal pair often free from costa, pinnate, margin lobed, often reflexed, apex roundish, dentate. Lamina papery or thinly leathery; rachis and costa with dark brown, lanceolate scales; veins pinnate, distinct on both surfaces. Sori rounded, 2–4 on each segment, at middle; indusia brown, margin lacerate. Some spores sterile.

·Thickets, forests, grasslands on slopes; 3600–4000. Xizang (Dinggye).

53. Dryopteris komarovii Koshinsky, Hotulae Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. 2: 1. 1921.

近多鳞鳞毛蕨  jin duo lin lin mao jue

Dryopteris barbigera subsp. komarovii (Koshinsky) Fraser-Jenkins; D. subbarbigera R. C. Ching.

Plants 30–50 cm high. Rhizome caespitose, erect, short; scales dense, ferruginous, oblong-lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, 8–18 cm, ca. 5 mm thick, base scaly; scales large, brown, ovate-orbicular, gradually sparse upward; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 20–35 × 8–10 cm, base slightly narrowed, bipinnate, rarely tripinnate, apex obtuse; pinnae 18–20 pairs, middle ones 3.5–5 × 1.2–2 cm, lanceolate, widest at base, sessile, apices obtuse; basal pair 2.5–4 cm, ovate-lanceolate, pinnatipartite; pinnules 8–10 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrow distance apart, oblong, base adnate to costa, margin crenate, several basal pairs rarely pinnately lobed, apex roundish, regularly deltoid-dentate. Lamina papery, yellowish green; veins distinct on both surfaces; rachis and costa densely clothed with brown, lanceolate and linear-lanceolate scales, sparsely fibrillous-scaly; pinnae with fibrous scales abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori middle sized on each side of costule; indusia brown, membranous, with irregular teeth on margin.

Thickets, stone crevices, forests, grasslands on slopes; 2800–4500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia].

54. Dryopteris fragrans (Linnaeus) Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 9. 1834.

香鳞毛蕨  xiang lin mao jue

Polypodium fragrans Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753; Dryopteris fragrans (Linnaeus) Schott var. remotiuscula (Komarov) Komarov; Nephrodium fragrans (Linnaeus) Rich. var. remotiusculum Komarov.

Plants 20–30 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, apex with ferruginous, membranous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, sparsely dentate scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 1–2(–12) cm, furrowed; scales ferruginous, oblong-lanceolate, dentate, with golden glands; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 10–25 × 2–4 cm, wide at middle, gradually narrowed toward base, base less than 1 cm wide, bipinnate or tripinnate, apex shortly acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, obliquely spreading, close to each other, lanceolate, middle pinnae 1.5–2 × 6–8 cm, wide at base, lower several pairs narrowed to auricle-shape, pinnate or pinnatipartite, apex obtuse or abruptly acuminate; pinnules oblong, margin dentate or lobed. Lamina herbaceous, dark brown abaxially, brown adaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; rachis and costa clothed with glossy, brown, lanceolate scales and glands; veins pinnate, obscure on both surfaces. Sori rounded, dorsal on veinlets; indusia membranous, rounded or rounded-reniform, large, sparsely dentate, close to each other at maturity and always exserted from frond margin, with glands; spores elliptic, tuberculate on episporium. 2n = 82.

Forests; 700–2400 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].

55. Dryopteris alpestris Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 88. 1934.

多雄拉鳞毛蕨  duo xiong la lin mao jue

Plants 9–25 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales brown, ovate, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous or dark brown, 3–10 cm, with sparse scales same as that of rhizome; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 8–18 × 2–5 cm, slightly narrowed to base, bipinnate, apex obtuse; pinnae 8–10 pairs, alternate or subopposite, obliquely or horizontally spreading, shortly stalked, narrow distance apart, basal pair slightly shorter than next upper one, ovate or oblong, 2–2.5 cm, ca. 1.3 cm wide at base, simple pinnate, apex obtuse; pinnules 3–5 pairs, close to each other, spreading, ovate-orbicular, base broadly adnate to costa, basal pair 5–7 mm in length and width, margin narrowly dentate, apex roundish and spreading, narrowly dentate. Lamina herbaceous, green, glabrous on both surfaces; veins obscure on both surfaces, one vein to each tooth; rachis with brown, ovate scales, and with dense yellow glands together with stipe. Sori middle sized, on upper part of frond, 2 or 3 pairs to each pinnule; indusia brown, small, membranous, with sparse teeth on margin.

Thickets, stone crevices, forests, grasslands on slopes; 3500–4200 m. Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Nepal].

56. Dryopteris acutodentata R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 432. 1938.

尖齿鳞毛蕨  jian chi lin mao jue

Dryopteris silaensis R. C. Ching; Nephrodium kingii Hope, not Dryopteris kingii C. Christensen.

Plants 23–45 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales dark brown, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, margin dentate. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, 8–12 cm, with dark brown, lanceolate scales; lamina deltoid-lanceolate, 16–26 × 10 cm, wide at middle, slightly narrowed downward, base truncate, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 12–16 pairs, alternate, lower several pairs far from each other, middle pinnae 3.5–4.0 × ca. 1.5 cm; segments ca. 8 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrow distance apart, oblong, with regular deltoid denticles at apex. Lamina yellow-green; rachis with brown or dark brown, lanceolate scales. Sori rounded, in 1 row on each side of costa; indusia rounded-reniform, with irregular denticles on margin, deciduous.

Alpine Pinus forests, Rhododendron thickets; 3500–4500 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [N India, Kashmir Nepal].

57. Dryopteris serrate-dentata (Beddome) Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 179. 1914.

刺尖鳞毛蕨  ci jian lin mao jue

Lastrea filix-mas var. serrato-dentata Beddome, Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 551. 1892; Nephrodium serrato-dentatum Hope; Woodsia veitchii Christ.

Plants 18–40 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, scaly; scales brown or dark brown, ovate-lanceolate, margin serrate. Fronds caespitose; stipe 5–8 cm, basal scales similar to those of rhizome, upper ones sparse; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 14–32 × 5–12 cm, wide at middle, slightly narrowed downward, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae 10–18 pairs, alternate, lower several pairs rarely opposite, distant from each other, oblong-lanceolate, sessile or shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, apex obtuse; segments 6–10 pairs, nearly horizontally spreading, oblong, double serrate on margin, apex rounded. Lamina yellow-green, papery; veins pinnate, raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially; rachis and costa clothed with black or dark brown ovate-lanceolate scales. Sori on lower half of pinnae between costa and margin; indusia small, thin, lacerate on margin.

Abies forests; 3400–3800 m. W Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal].

58. Dryopteris sericea C. Christensen, Bot. Gaz. 56: 336. 1913.

腺毛鳞毛蕨  xian mao lin mao jue

Aspidium filix-mas var. giraldii Christ, p.p.[??necessary]

Plants 20–50 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending, with brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 10–20 cm, ca. 2 mm thick, densely clothed with glandular hairs and sparse brown lanceolate scales toward rachis; lamina ovate-oblong, 20–25 × 10–15 cm, bipinnate; pinnae 8–11 pairs, alternate, with 3–4 mm stalks, 2–4 cm from each other, broadly lanceolate, not tapered to base, with lowest pair same as upper pair, 6–10 × 2–3.5 cm, base obtuse-cuneate, once pinnate; pinnules 6–8 pairs, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, base slightly auriculate on both sides, ± adnate to costa, margin lobed or roughly serrate, apex obtuse. Veins pinnate, lateral ones 2- or 3-forked, rather conspicuous abaxially. Lamina herbaceous, glandular hairy throughout, more densely so adaxially; costa with sparse small scales abaxially. Sori terminating lateral veins, 3–6 pairs to each pinnule, near margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, papery, with glandular hairs.

· Forests, rocks; 700–1600 m. Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi.

59. Dryopteris lacera (Thunberg) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.

狭顶鳞毛蕨  xia ding lin mao jue

Polypodium lacerum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 337. 1784; Nephrodium lacerum (Thunberg) Bak.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, short, stout. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, much shorter than lamina, throughout rachis densely clothed with brown or ferruginous, membranous, entire or sharply serrate scales, basal scales large, ovate-oblong, up to 2 cm long, apex acuminate; upper ones gradually shortened; lamina elliptic to oblong, 40–70 × 15–30 cm, bipinnatifid; pinnae ca. 10 pairs, opposite or alternate, spreading, shortly stalked, broadly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, apex long acuminate; lower pinnae almost not shortened; upper pinnae fertile, withered after spores diffused; pinnules narrowly ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, up to 2 × 0.5–1 cm, base widely adnate to costa, but basal ones always free or subfree, margin serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Lamina papery to leathery, pale green; rachis with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate scales, left with small scales on abaxial side of costa; veins pinnate, lateral veins of pinnules depressed adaxially. Sori rounded, confined to upper pinnae; indusia rounded-reniform, entire; spores episporiatus.

Upland open forests. Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

60. Dryopteris peninsulae Kitagawa, Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manch. 4(2): 54. 1935.

半岛鳞毛蕨  ban dao lin mao jue

Dryopteris apicisora R. C. Ching & Y. T. Hsieh; D. cathayana R. C. Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. lacera (Thunberg) O. Kuntze var. peninsulae Tagawa; D. lacera (Thunberg) O. Kuntze subsp. peninsulae Kitagawa; D. neolacera R. C. Ching; D. shensicola R. C. Ching & Y. T. Hsieh.

Plants more than 50 cm high. Rhizome suberect, short, stout. Fronds caespitose; stipe pale brown, up to 24 cm, with a groove on adaxial surface, densely clothed with dark brown, membranous, linear-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, apically acuminate scales. Sparsely clothed with castaneous, or basally castaneous, apically brown scales; lamina papery, oblong or narrowly ovate-oblong, 13–38 × 8–20 cm, base ± cordate, bipinnate, apex shortly acuminate; pinnae 12–20 pairs, opposite or alternate, shortly stalked, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, base asymmetric, apex falcate-acuminate; lower pinnae ca. 11 × 4.5 cm, smaller toward apex; costa stramineous, sparsely scaly; scales linear, easily deciduous; pinnules or segments up to 15 pairs, oblong, apex obtuse with short, sharp teeth; basal several pairs of pinnules ± auriculate at base, with shallow-undulate teeth on margin; upper segments subentire at base, with shallow sharp teeth at apices and with shortly[??] sharp teeth; veins of pinnules or segments pinnate, conspicuous. Sori rounded, somewhat large, confined to upper pinnae, in 1 row on each side of costule; indusia rounded-reniform to hippocrepiform, subentire, imperfectly covering sori at maturity; spores subelliptic, epispore papillose.

· Shaded, moist grasslands. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, NE Yunnan.

61. Dryopteris uniformis (Makino) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 145. 1909.

同形鳞毛蕨  tong xing lin mao jue

Nephrodium lacerum (Thunberg) Bak. var. uniforme Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 79. 1903; Dryopteris decurrentiloba R. C. Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. jiangshanensis R. C. Ching & P. C. Chiu; D. pseudouniformis R. C. Ching ex Ling; D. uniformis var. rufomarginata G. H. Shing ex G. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng.

Plants 30–60 cm high. Rhizome erect, apex densely scaly; scales brown. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 15–25 cm, 3–4 mm thick, densely scaly; scales nearly black or dark brown, broadly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or remotely dentate; lamina ovate-lanceolate, ca. 40 cm, up to 20 cm wide, base not narrowed, subtruncate, bipinnatipartite or bipinnatisect, apex pinnately lobed and acuminate; pinnae 17 pairs, horizontally spreading, alternate, equally distant; basal pinnae similar to middle ones, not shortened, lanceolate, 9–11 × 1.5–2 cm, widest at base, up to 2.5 cm wide, truncate, sessile, close to rachis, pinnatipartite; pinnules or segments ca. 15 pairs, obliquely spreading, subovate or ovate-lanceolate, length 1–1.5 × width, with obscure teeth on margin, apices obtuse; basal ones somewhat large, close to rachis. Lamina thinly papery, yellow-green, except with sparse, brown, linear scales on costa abaxially, both surfaces glabrous; rachis densely clothed with black, linear-lanceolate, sparsely dentate scales; veins pinnate, mostly forked, conspicuous abaxially. Sori confined to upper part of lamina, 3–6 pairs on each pinnule or segment; indusia ferruginous, somewhat large, membranous, caducous.

Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 100–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

62. Dryopteris nyingchiensis R. C. Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 262. 1983.

林芝鳞毛蕨  lin zhi lin mao jue

Plants 35–50 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely clothed with scales together with stipe base; scales ferruginous or brown, ovate-lanceolate, apices narrowly subulate and twisted, up to 2.5 cm. Fronds caespitose; stipe brown-stramineous or stramineous, 7–13 cm, 1.5–2 mm thick, sparsely scaly above base; lamina 30–40 × 12–16 cm, oblong-lanceolate, not narrowed to base, bipinnate, acuminate; pinnae 15–20 pairs, alternate, lower ones subopposite, nearly horizontally spreading, narrow distance apart, basal pair similar to and equal to upper pair; middle pinnae 6–8 × 2–2.5 cm, wide at base, oblong-lanceolate, base truncate, symmetrical, shortly stalked, pinnate, long acuminate; pinnules 10–15 pairs, close to each other, oblong, usually ca. 1 cm, basal ones longer than others, ca. 4.5 mm wide, not narrowed upward, both sides entire, apex rounded, with sharp teeth; basal pinnule separated from next one, rest connate by narrow wing. Lamina thinly papery, yellow-green, both surfaces subglabrous; veins 6 or 7 pairs, bifurcate, obscure; costa smooth, with dark brown or black, narrowly lanceolate, sparse scales. Sori confined to upper part of lamina, at middle of the pinna, 2–4 pairs on each pinnule, sterile on terminal; indusia somewhat large, rounded-reniform, thickly papery, curled up at maturity.

· Alpine Pinus forests or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests; 2900–3000 m. Xizang, Yunnan.

63. Dryopteris sublacera Christ, Not. Syst. 1: 43. 1909.

半育鳞毛蕨  ban yu lin mao jue

Dryopteris blepharolepis C. Christensen; D. juxtaposita f. mutica C. Christensen; D. minjiangensis H. S. Kung; D. schneideriana Handel-Mazzetti.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales bright rufo-brown, oblong-lanceolate, margin with spiniform denticles, apex hair-shaped, usually twisted. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 1/4–1/3 as long as lamina, clothed with oblong-lanceolate, brown or dark brown scales at base, smaller toward rachis, lanceolate, sparsely clothed with spiniform denticles; lamina narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 40–60 × 15–25 cm, not narrowed toward base, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae to 20 pairs, lanceolate, 7–10 × ca. 2 cm, base truncate, sessile, apex acuminate; rachis with brown, lanceolate scales, pinnate; pinnules 8–10 pairs, opposite or subalternate, nearly oblong, both sides incised-dentate, slightly raised on both sides at base, obtuse at apices. Lamina papery, brown abaxially, dark brown adaxially; veins mostly bifurcate, conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially; upper one-third to half part of lamina fertile. Sori rounded-reniform, between costa and margin, 3 or 4 pairs on each pinnule; indusia somewhat large, rounded-reniform, strombuliform, not completely covering sorus at maturity.

Pinus forests or evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1800–3400 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

64. Dryopteris nobilis R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 65. 1941.

优雅鳞毛蕨  you yo lin mao jue

Plants up to 1 m high. Rhizome erect, clothed with bright castaneous ovate scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 1/2 as long as lamina, sparsely clothed with ovate-lanceolate, dark brown scales; lamina lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or deltoid-lanceolate, (40–)60–80 × 10–20 cm, narrowed or slightly narrowed to base, bipinnate, apex acuminate and pinnately lobed; pinnae ca. 24 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrow distance apart, some pinnae usually overlapping each other, lanceolate, 14–16 × ca. 5 cm, wide at base, cordate, shortly stalked, bipinnatipartite; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, basal ones ca. 2.5 × 1 cm, adnate to costa at base, margin incised-dentate, lobed or not, with white membranous edges, usually revolute, obtuse at apices. Lamina papery or thinly leathery; rachis and costa sparsely scaly; scales brown, lanceolate; veins pinnate, distinct, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Sori large, rounded, located on middle parts of lateral veins, regularly in one row on each side of costa, closer to costa than margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, entire, persistent.

Mixed forests, streamsides, evergreen broad-leaved forests, mountain slopes; 1600–2500 m. NW Yunnan [India].

1a.. Plant much larger; lamina oblong-lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, 60–80 cm, papery; pinnules incised-dentate, lobed on margin .....................................................................  66a. var. nobilis

1b.. Plant much smaller; lamina lanceolate, 40–50 cm, thinly leathery; pinnules not lobed, dentate or only shallowly incised .......................................................................................................  66b. var. fengiana

64a. Dryopteris nobilis var. nobilis

优雅鳞毛蕨(原变种)  you ya lin mao jue (yuan bian zhong)

Plant much larger. Lamina oblong-lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, 60–80 cm, papery; pinnules incised-dentate, lobed on margin.

Mixed forests, streamsides; ca. 2500 m. NW Yunnan [India].

66b. Dryopteris nobilis var. fengiana R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 9: 67. 1941.

冯氏鳞毛蕨  feng shi lin mao jue

Plant much smaller. Lamina lanceolate, 40–50 cm, thinly leathery; pinnules not lobed, dentate or only shallowly incised.

· Evergreen broad-leaved forests; ca. 1600 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan).

65. Dryopteris pseudovaria (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 287. 1905.

凸背鳞毛蕨  tu bei lin mao jue

Aspidium pseudovarium Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1. 45. 1905; Dryopteris basissora Christ; D. fructuosa var. integriloba R. C. Ching.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly together with stipe base; scales bright rufo-brown, ovate-lanceolate, apex hair-shaped, usually twisted. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 1/4–1/2 as long as lamina, longitudinally grooved, clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales, leaving distinct marks when fall off; scales smaller to rachis, lanceolate, sparsely with pointed teeth on margin; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 40–60 × 20–30 cm, widest at base, bipinnatipartite to tripinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 7–15 × 3–5 cm, widest at base, truncate, sessile, apex acuminate; clothed with brown, lanceolate scales along rachis, pinnate; pinnules 8–10 pairs, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, both sides deltoid-dentate, apex obtuse; basiscopic pinnules longer than acroscopic ones, pinnatipartite; segments 4–6 pairs, oblong, apices with deltoid sharp teeth. Veins conspicuous on both surfaces, mostly bifurcate. Lamina papery or thinly leathery, brown abaxially, dark brown adaxially. Sori rounded, on upper parts of pinnules, close to costa, 2–5 pairs on each pinnule; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, corneous, not completely covering sorus at maturity, persistent.

· Pinus forests, evergreen broad-leaved forest margins. Sichuan, Yunnan.

66. Dryopteris fructuosa (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 267. 1905.

硬果鳞毛蕨  ying guo lin mao jue

Aspidium varium var. fructuosum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 967. 1898; A. fructuosum (Christ) Christ; Dryopteris apicifixa R. C. Ching, Boufford & G. H. Shing; D. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; D. hypophlebia Hayata; D. pseudosabaei Hayata; Nephrodium fructuosum (Christ) Handel-Mazzetti.

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly together with stipe base; scales bright rufo-brown, ovate-lanceolate, apex hair-shaped, usually twisted. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 1/4–1/2 as long as lamina, longitudinally grooved, clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales, leaving distinct marks when fall off, smaller to rachis, lanceolate, sparsely pointed-spiniform dentate; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 40–60 × 20–30 cm, widest at base, bipinnatipartite to tripinnatiparte, apex acuminate; pinnae 20 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 7–15 × 3–5 cm, base widest, truncate, sessile; rachis with brown, lanceolate scales, pinnate; pinnules 8–10 pairs, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, both sides deltoid-dentate, apices obtuse; basiscopic pinnules longer than acroscopic ones, lobed to pinnatifid; segments 4–6 pairs, oblong, apex with 1 or 2 acute teeth. Veins conspicuous on both surfaces, mostly bifurcate. Lamina papery or thinly leathery, brown abaxially, dark brown adaxially. Sori rounded-reniform, located on lower parts of pinnules, close to costa, 2–5 pairs on each pinnule; indusia ferruginous, corneous, vaulted, horseshoe-shaped, not completely covering sorus at maturity, persistent.

Pinus forests or evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; 1800–3400 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

67. Dryopteris juxtaposita Christ, Bull. Geogr. Bot. Mans 1907: 138. 1907.

粗齿鳞毛蕨  cu chi lin mao jue

Plants 50–100 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, brown scaly. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, ca. 30 cm, ca. 2 mm thick, with black-brown, entire, lanceolate scales at base, gradually glabrous toward rachis; lamina ovate-oblong, ca. 30 × 13 cm, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 13 pairs, subopposite, shortly stalked, 3–4 cm apart, deltoid-lanceolate, lower pinnae 7–9 × 2.5–3 cm, base cuneate, once pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnules 11–13 pairs, oblong, basal pair largest, up to ca. 2 cm × 7 mm, ± attached to costa at base, apex rounded, with sparse, coarse teeth, pinnatifid to half way, tapered further up. Veins pinnate, 6 or 7 pairs on each pinnule, forked. Lamina papery, both surfaces glabrous or with 1 or 2 small scales on abaxial side of costa. Sori 5 or 6(–8) pairs on each pinnule; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, papery, entire, easily deciduous.

Valleys, riversides; 1500–2500 m. Gansu (Wen Xian), Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India].

68. Dryopteris lachoongensis (Beddome) Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Beddome’s Handb. Ferns Brit. India 61. 1972.

脉纹鳞毛蕨  mai wen lin mao jue

Lastrea filix-mas var. lachoongensis Beddome, Suppl. Ferns Brit. India 58. 1892; Dryopteris pseudodontuloma R. C. Ching; D. venosa R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu.

Plants 55–85 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, scaly together with stipe base; scales pale brown, broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, apices narrowly subulate. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 25–28 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, longitudinally grooved, glabrous above stipe base; lamina oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 35–45 × 20–35 cm, basal pair rarely tripinnate, shortly acuminate, bipinnate; lateral pinnae 8–11 pairs, shortly stalked, obliquely spreading, 5–7 cm apart, basal pair largest, 12–16 × 5–7 cm, wide at base, narrowly deltoid, base shortly stalked, double-serrate, adnate to costa at base, narrow distance apart from each other, apex blunt-acuminate; basiscopic longer than acroscopic ones, especially basal basiscopic one longest, 2.5–4.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, shortly stalked, pinnatifid to half way; upper pinnules gradually shortened, margin unlobed, only sharply double serrate; second pair of pinna similar to basal one but smaller. Lamina green or dark brown, thickly leathery, both surfaces glabrous; veins distinctly impressed on both surfaces; rachis and costa sparsely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales. Sori large, rounded, 6–12 pairs on upper pinnae, 2 or 3 pairs on lower part of each pinnule, close to costa or costule, 1 row on each side, approximate to each other; indusia large, dark brown, rounded-reniform, papery, persistent.

Mixed forests, ravines; ca. 2200 m. Xizang, Yunnan [?Bhutan, India, Nepal].

69. Dryopteris cochleata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 258. 1905.

二型鳞毛蕨  er xing lin mao jue

Nephrodium cochleata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 6. 1825; Lastrea cochleata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Moore; N. filixmas var. cochleatum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Hooker.

Plants 60–70 cm high. Rhizome creeping, densely clothed with bright, linear-lanceolate, entire scales. Fronds approximate, dimorphic; stipe of sterile frond stramineous, 20–30 cm, sparsely clothed with brown, linear and linear-lanceolate scales; lamina ovate, 30–40 cm, widest at base, ca. 22 cm, cordate at base, bipinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae 10–12 pairs, obliquely spreading, widely separated, basal pair deltoid-lanceolate, 10–12 × 3–4 cm wide, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnules (segments) 10–12 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong or subfalcate, margin incised-serrate, apices obtuse; basiscopic pinnules longer than acroscopic ones, base of basiscopic side undeveloped; pinnae above second pair lanceolate, base cordate, shortly stalked, apex acuminate; basiscopic pinnules equal to acroscopic ones, basal one[??] of basiscopic pinnule developed; lamina herbaceous, yellow-brown adaxially; rachis and costa subglabrous, with sparse, brown, linear scales; veins pinnate, not forked, distinct abaxially, obscure adaxially. Stipe of fertile frond: stramineous, base clothed with brown, linear-lanceolate scales, glabrous upward; lamina oblong-lanceolate, base slightly narrowed or not, bipinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae 10–12 pairs, ca. 1 cm apart, barred[??], ca. 1.5 cm × 2–3 mm, stalked, pinnately lobed, apices obtuse. Sori large, rounded, regularly in 2 rows on each pinnule (segment); indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, entire.

Broad-leaved forests; 1200–1600 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand].

70. Dryopteris porosa R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 460. 1938.

微孔鳞毛蕨  wei kong lin mao jue

Plants 65–120 cm high. Rhizome stout, obliquely ascending, scaly together with lower part of stipe; scales brown, broadly lanceolate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 cm, apex narrowly subulate. Fronds subcaespitose; stipe dark stramineous, 25–40 cm, 5–8 mm thick, longitudinally grooved, glabrous above lower part; lamina deltoid-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 50–80 cm, 40–50 cm wide at base, tripinnate or tripinnately parted, apex acuminate; lateral pinnae 8–11 pairs, obliquely spreading, close to each other, basal pair largest, 20–25 cm, 12–14 cm wide at base, narrowly deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, with ca. 1 cm stalk, bipinnate or bipinnately parted, apex blunt-acuminate; bipinnules 10–15 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrow distance apart; basiscopic pinnules equal to acroscopic ones, lanceolate, ca. 7–9 × 2 cm, base cordate, with short stalk, pinnately parted, usually pinnate at base, apex blunt-acuminate; tripinnules 7 or 8 pairs, suboblong, ca. 1 × 0.6 cm, margin translucent, softly cartilaginous, sparsely serrate, tapered upward, pinnately parted, apex obtuse or truncate; lamina green or dark brown, thick leathery, both surfaces glabrous; veins impressed on both surfaces; rachis dark brown, with lanceolate scales, pinna rachis subglabrous. Upper part of lamina fertile, lower part sterile. Sori large, rounded, in 1 row on each side of costa; indusia dark brown, large, rounded-reniform, papery, persistent.

Mixed forests, ravines; 600–1500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Thailand].

71. Dryopteris pteridoformis Christ, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1907: 137. 1907.

蕨状鳞毛蕨  jue zhuang lin mao jue

Plants 60–80 cm high. Rhizome creeping, ca. 10 cm thick, apex densely clothed with brown, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire scales. Fronds approximate or distant, 2–4 cm apart; stipes basally brown, ca. 26 cm, with ovate-lanceolate, adnate scales, stramineous upward and sparsely scaly; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 40–55 cm, base 30–35 cm wide, bipinnately lobed, apex long acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 12–14 pairs, obliquely spreading, 3–5 cm apart, lanceolate, ca. 16 cm, ca. 6 cm wide at base, with short stalk, once pinnate, apices long acuminate; pinnules 10–12 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 3- or 4-serrate, apices obtuse; basal pinnule shortly stalked, upper ones sloped to cuneate bases and adnate to costa, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 cm; basiscopic pinnules slightly longer than acroscopic ones or equal to these, pinnately lobed or incised-serrate, pinnatifid at base; segments suboblong, apex with 2 or 3 beak-shaped, exserted teeth. Lamina yellow-green, papery, both surfaces glabrous; rachis with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pale brown, membranous, transparent scales, with brown, linear-lanceolate scales along rachis[??]; veins pinnate, simple, conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially. Sori rounded, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa, close to costa; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, papery, entire.

Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1900–2100 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [India, N Myanmar].

72. Dryopteris angustifrons (Hooker) O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 812. 1891.

狭叶鳞毛蕨  xia ye lin mao jue

Nephrodium splendens var. angustifrons Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 126. 1862; Lastrea angustifrons (Hooker) Beddome, nom. illegit.; N. angustifrons (Hooker) Bak.

Plants up to 90 cm high. Rhizome creeping, stout, densely clothed with pale brown, ovate, adnate scales. Fronds distant; stipe stramineous, ca. 30 cm, ca. 4 mm thick, sparsely scaly at base, scales pale brown, ovate, margin entire, blunt-acuminate; lamina oblong, 50–55 × 12–17 cm, wide at middle, base slightly shortened, tripinnatipartite, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 12–14 pairs, obliquely spreading, broad distance apart, lowest 2 or 3 pairs deltoid-lanceolate, 10–13 cm, widest at base, 5–10 cm wide, base with short stalk 6–8 mm, bipinnatifid or lobed, apex acuminate; bipinnae oblong-lanceolate, basal pair pinnule 3–5 cm, widest at base, 1–1.5 cm wide, cuneate, shortly stalked, pinnatipartite or lobed, apex blunt-acuminate; segments 5–7 pairs, obliquely spreading, oblong, margin entire or incised-serrate, apex obtuse, remotely deltoid-serrate; pinnae above middle oblong-lanceolate, bipinnately lobed. Lamina herbaceous, pale green; rachis sparsely clothed with pale brown, oblong-lanceolate or deltoid-subulate scales and nodose, hair-shaped scales; sparsely clothed with lanceolate scales; veins pinnate, forked, convex abaxially, slightly conspicuous adaxially, apex with conspicuous water sac. Upper part of lamina fertile; sori rounded, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa of bipinnate pinnule, close to costa; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, thick, persistent.

Pinus-Quercus mixed forests, by streams; 2100–2700 m. W Yunnan [India, C Myanmar, Nepal].

73. Dryopteris subimpressa Loyal, Nova Hedwingia 16(3–4): 467. 1969 (‘1968’).

柳羽鳞毛蕨  liu yu lin mao jue

Dryopteris lancipinnula R. C. Ching, Sporae Pterid. Sin. 326. pl. 69: 1–3. 1976, nom. nud.; D. submarginata Loyal.

Plants more than 1 m high. Rhizome creeping. Stipe stramineous, ca. 1/2 as long as lamina, base densely clothed with pale brown, ovate, adnate scales, gradually smaller and sparser upward; lamina deltoid-lanceolate, ca. 70 cm, widest at base, 40–50 cm wide, tripinnately parted; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, basal pair ca. 25 cm, base ca. 12 cm wide, stalk ca. 1 cm, bipinnate, pinnatifid half way or deeper, apex acuminate; pinnae tapering upward, once pinnate, sessile; pinnules ca. 12 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, basal pinnule ca. 6 cm, base 1–2 cm wide, cuneate, shortly stalked, apex acuminate, gradually smaller and narrower upward, sessile, pinnatifid to half way or pinnatipartite at base; segments (ultimate pinnules) 6–8 pairs, obliquely spreading, deltoid-oblong, margin serrate, generally revolute, apex obtuse or truncate, sharply deltoid-serrate. Lamina pale green, thinly leathery; rachis and costa glabrous or sparsely scaly; scales pale brown, lanceolate and with nodose, moniliform scales; veins pinnate, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Upper part of lamina fertile; sori rounded, large, regularly in 1 row on each side of costule and close to it; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, thick, persistent; spore ellipsoidal, with wrinkled episporium, forming slice-shaped or papilla protuberance.

Forests; 2000–2400 m. W Yunnan [India, Nepal].

74. Dryopteris marginata (C. B. Clarke) Christ, Phil. J. Sci. Bot. 2: 212. 1907.

边果鳞毛蕨  bian guo lin mao jue

Nephrodium filix-mas var. marginatum C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. II. Bot. I: 521. pl. 71. 1880; Aspidium marginatum Wallich, p.p., nom. nud.; Dryopteris blinii Leveille; D. chiui R. C. Ching; D. gradissima Tagawa; D. leveillei Nakai, nom illegit, non Christ, 1909; D. metcalfii R. C. Ching; N. marginatum (C. B. Clarke) C. Hope.

Plants up to 1.7 m high. Rhizome creeping, stout, densely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds arising from apex of rhizome, approximate; stipe stramineous, stout, ca. 80 cm, ca. 1 cm thick, base densely scaly; scales dark brown, oblong, ca. 3.5 × 1 cm, margin entire, apex acuminate; lamina deltoid-ovate, ca. 90 cm, base ca. 80 cm wide, tripinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 10 pairs, far apart; basal 1 or 2 pairs ovate-lanceolate, ca. 40 cm, widest at base, ca. 20 cm wide, with stalk ca. 2 cm, bipinnatipartite, apex long acuminate; bipinnate pinnules 12–14 pairs, obliquely spreading, broad distance apart, lanceolate, basal ones ca. 10 × 2.5 cm, truncate at base, with stalk ca. 0.5 cm, pinnatipartite, often pinnatisect at base, acuminate; segments (tripinnate pinnules) ca. 10 pairs, obliquely spreading, apart from each other, oblong, base contacting with costa by narrow wing, margin incised, apex obtuse, with deltoid teeth. Pinnae above middle part of lamina gradually smaller and narrower upward, bipinnatifid to half way or shallowly; so bipinnate pinnae oblong, sessile, apex blunt-acuminate. Lamina pale green, herbaceous; rachis and costa subglabrous, sparsely clothed with pale brown, lanceolate scales and nodose, moniliform scales; veins pinnate, raised abaxially, conspicuous, obscure adaxially, apex with water sac. Sori rounded, regularly in 1 row on each side of center of pinnule or pinnulet, not close to costa or costule; indusia ferruginous, rounded-reniform, entire, persistent.

Forests, by streams; 1100–2300 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

75. Dryopteris caroli-hopei Fraser-Jenkins, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 18: 422. 1989.

假边果鳞毛蕨  jia bian guo lin mao jue

Aspidium dilatatum var. patuloides Christ; A. marginatum Wallich, pro parte min., nom nud., non Schk. 1809; Dryopteris pseudomarginata R. C. Ching, nom nud.

Plants up to 90 cm high. Rhizome prostrate, stout, clothed with brown, ovate-lanceolate, adnate scales. Fronds approximate; stipe ca. 30 cm, 4–8 mm thick, base brown or dark brown, with brown, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire scales and fibrillous scale hairs, glabrous upward; lamina broadly deltoid-lanceolate, ca. 60 × 40 cm, base not narrowed, tripinnate, bipinnate on upper part, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 6–8 pairs, obliquely spreading, broadly lanceolate, widest at base, with long stalk, apex pinnate, acuminate; basal pinna with stalk 2.5–3 cm, bipinnatifid; pinnules 9–12 pairs, lanceolate, base with short stalk, blunt-acuminate; basal pinnule 8–10 × ca. 2.5 cm, pinnules gradually shortened toward pinna apex, basalmost pinnule with ca. 0.5 cm stalk, bipinnatilobate; tripinnules ca. 1.5 × 0.6 cm, narrowly elliptic, adnate to costule, pinnatilobate, blunt-acuminate; segment apex deltoid-serrate. Lamina yellow-green, thinly leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, costa sparsely linear-lanceolate scaly, densely scaly at base of bipinna costa; lateral veins pinnate, mostly forked, conspicuous abaxially, slightly distinct adaxially. Sori rounded, one per segment, between costa and margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, entire, persistent. Spores ca. 64 within a sorus.

Quercus forests; 2100–2300 m. SE Xizang, C Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

76. Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H. P. Fuchs, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 105: 339. 1959.

刺叶鳞毛蕨  ci ye lin mao jue

Polypodium carthusianum Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauph. 1: 292. 1786. Dryopteris spinulosa auct. non.[??]

Plants 30–60 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, stout and short, scaly; scales pale brown, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate, membranous. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, longitudinally grooved, thick, as long as lamina, with ovate, dentate scales; lamina deltoid or ovate-oblong, 20–30 cm, lower part 15–16 cm wide, bipinnate; pinnae 12 or 13 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, basal pair largest, with short stalk, upper ones gradually shortened, connected to each other by wing at base, lowest ones deltoid, 9–10 × 4–5 cm, base subtruncate, shortly stalked, once pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnules 8–9 pairs, basal pair largest, upper ones gradually shortened, connected by broad wing; basal pair opposite or obliquely opposite, deltoid, 2.5–3 cm, base 1–1.5 cm[??wide], shortly stalked; acroscopic pinnule smaller than basiscopic one, almost upright from costa, then parallel to rachis; basiscopic one vertical to pinna rachis or slightly obliquely spreading, pinnatipartite; segments 4 or 5 pairs, basal pair unsymmetrical; basiscopic one smaller than others, obliquely spreading; acroscopic one oblong, 8–10 × ca. 2 mm, almost parallel to costa, margin with aristiform spines; upper ones gradually shortened, aristate. Veins of segments raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, pinnate, simple, extending into each tooth. Sori rounded, terminal on apex of lateral veins, in 2 rows along main vein of pinnules; indusia pale brown, large, membranous, margin incised, often deciduous at maturity. Spores echinulate and eroded-winged papillae on surfaces.

Montane forests, open forests; ca. 2000 m. Xinjiang (Zhaosu Xian) [Europe, E North America].

According to the treatment in the Fl. Xinjiang., this species was collected from Zhaosu Xian, Xinjiang in 1974, but this only collection was not seen [by the present] author.

77. Dryopteris expansa (Presl) Fraser-Jen Kins & Jermy, Fern Gazette 11: 338. 1977.

广布鳞毛蕨  guang bu lin mao jue

Nephrodium expansum Presl, Ral. Haenk. 1: 38. 1825; Dryopteris assimilis S. Walk.; D. manshurica R. C. Ching; D. siranensis Nakai; D. spinulosa (Mull.) Hatt. subsp. assimilis (S. Walker) Schididay.

Plants 40–100 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending or prostrate, short, stout. Fronds caespitose; stipe densely scaly; scales pale brown to castaneous-brown, ovate to broadly lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous, margin pale brown, glossy, apex acute; lamina as long as stipe, oblong, ovate-oblong, or subdeltoid, 25–50 × 12–35 cm, base not narrowed, tripinnatipartite, acuminate; pinnae 6–11 pairs, opposite or subopposite, basal pinnae largest, obliquely deltoid, shortly stalked; basiscopic one distinctly longer than acroscopic one, other pinnae oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong-ovate, shortly stalked, bipinnate, acuminate; pinnules catadromous, oblong, rarely ovate-oblong, shortly stalked, acute; basiscopic pinnule of lower part of basal pinna over half length of whole pinnule, deeply pinnatifid; segments oblong, 2–4 mm wide, apex with aristate teeth. Lamina pale green abaxially, green adaxially, herbaceous, glabrous; veins pinnate, not forked, 3 or 4 pairs on each segment. Sori rounded, located on upper part of veinlet; indusia rounded-reniform, entire or slightly incised. Spores brown, broadly ellipsoidal, with spinulescent papillae on surface.

Forests; 700–1800 m. Hebei (Wuling Shan), Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East); Europe, North America].

78. Dryopteris gymnophylla (Bak.) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 269. 1905.

裸叶鳞毛蕨  luo ye lin mao jue

Nephrodium gymnophyllum Bak., J. Bot. 1887: 170. 1887; Dryopteris sakuraii (Rosenstock) Tagawa; D. subtripinnata (Miquel) O. Kuntze var. sakuraii Rosenst.

Plants 50–65 cm high. Rhizome creeping, short, apex along with base of stipe scaly; scales dark brown, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate. Fronds approximate; stipe 30–40 cm, as well as rachis and costa pale stramineous tinged with green, glabrous or sparsely scaly; lamina pentagonous, 25–40 cm, length equal to or longer than width, tripinnate, quadripinnatilobate; pinnae 5–8 pairs, alternate or subopposite, obliquely spreading, apart, curved upward, stalked, stalk up to 5 cm; basal pair largest, deltoid-lanceolate, 10–25 × 6–18 cm, base unsymmetrical, apex caudate-acuminate; basiscopic pinnule largest and longest, first acroscopic pinnule equal to second one; pinnules 10–12 pairs, stalked, deltoid-oblong; basiscopic ones larger than acroscopic ones, bipinnatilobate or -partite; ultimate pinnules (segments) sessile, base decurrent, falcate-oblong-lanceolate, apices obtuse, entire or serrate; other pinnae oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually smaller upward. Veins pinnate, not forked. Lamina herbaceous, green. Sori rounded, terminal on apices of veinlets close to margin; indusia brown, rounded-reniform, thin, persistent.

Forests; 300–700 m. Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

79. Dryopteris chinensis (Bak.) Koidzumi, Fl. Symb. Orient. Asiat. 39. 1930.

中华鳞毛蕨  zhong hua lin mao jue

Nephrodium chinense Bak. in Hooker, Syn. Fil. 278. 1867.

Plants 25–35 cm high. Rhizome erect, stout, short, along with base of stipe densely scaly; scales brown, sometimes dark brown at center, lanceolate. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 10–20 cm, ca. 2 mm thick, glabrous or sparsely scaly upward; lamina pentagonous, as long as or longer than stipe, 8–18 cm wide, quadripinnatilobate at base, tripinnate at middle, apex acuminate; pinnae 5–8 pairs, obliquely spreading, basal pair largest, 6–12 × 3–8 cm, wide at base, deltoid-lanceolate, base asymmetrical, upper side close to rachis, lower side obliquely extended, stalk 5–10 mm, tripinnatifid, acuminate; pinnules obliquely spreading; basiscopic ones larger than acroscopic ones; basal one largest, 2.5–5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, wide at base, deltoid-lanceolate, base subtruncate, stalk 1.5–3 mm, bipinnatifid, shortly acuminate; ultimate pinnules (segments) deltoid-ovate or lanceolate, adnate to costule at base, shallowly pinnatifid or sparsely serrate, apex obtuse. Veins pinnate on ultimate pinnules, visible abaxially, veinlets forked or simple; lamina papery, green-brown, rachis as well as costa scaly abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales dark brown, small, lanceolate, sparsely brown pubescent along vein. Sori terminal on apex of veinlets, close to margin; indusia rounded-reniform, subentire, persistent.

Forests; 200–1200 m. Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi; Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

80. Dryopteris goeringiana (Kunze) Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 386. 1929.

华北鳞毛蕨  hua bei lin mao jue

Aspidium goeringianum O. Kuntze, Bot. Zeitung. 557. 1948; Nephrodium laetum Komarov; Dryopteris laeta (Komarov) C. Christensen; D. laeta var. alpina R. C. Ching; D. laeta (Komarov) C. Christensen var. oblongifrons Kitagawa.

Plants 50–90 cm high. Rhizome prostrate, stout. Fronds approximate; stipe pale brown, 25–50 cm, longitudinally grooved, scaly; scales pale brown, membranous, slightly serrate, lower ones larger, broadly lanceolate to linear, up to 1.5 cm, throughout rachis with linear or hair-shaped scales; lamina ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate, 25–50 × 15–40 cm, tripinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae alternate, shortly stalked, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, apices long acuminate; middle and the lower pinnae longer, 11–27 × 2.5–6 cm, slightly narrowed toward base; pinnules slightly separated; basal basiscopic ones shortened, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, pinnatipartite, apex acute; segments oblong, 1–3 mm wide, often serrate at apex, sometimes also on margin. Veins pinnate, forked; laminae herbaceous to thinly papery, with hairlike scales beneath costa and costule. Sori subrounded, in 2 rows on each side of costa of pinnule; indusia rounded-reniform, membranous, margin eroded.

Broad-leaved forests, thickets. NE, N, NW China[??list provinces] and Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia].

81. Dryopteris blanfordii (C. Hope) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 254. 1905.

西域鳞毛蕨  xi yu lin mao jue

Plants ca. 90 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending or creeping, thick, clothed with brown, oblong-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe pale brown, ca. 30 cm, ca. 4.5 mm thick, longitudinally grooved, densely scaly; scales brown, dark brown, or black, oblong, margin serrate, apex long acuminate; scales gradually smaller upward, lanceolate to linear, sparse; lamina ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate, ca. 65 × 28 cm, wide at middle, base slightly narrowed, tripinnatipartite, apex acuminate; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, shortly stalked, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate; middle and lower pinnae longer, 11–15 × 2.5–4 cm, slightly narrowed toward base; pinnules slightly separated; basiscopic pinnule at base shortened, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatipartite, apex acute; pinnules oblong, 1.5–2 × 6–8 mm, slightly oblique at base, narrowly adnate to costa, pinnatifid to partite, apex sharply serrate; segments suboblong, apex with or without 2 or 3 sharp serratures. Veins pinnate, forked, visible abaxially, obscure adaxially; lamina herbaceous to thinly papery, with brown, linear scales on abaxial side of costa and costule. Sori rounded, in 1 row on each side of costa of pinnule; indusia rounded-reniform, membranous, margin entire.

Picea or Abies forests; 2900–3500 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan; W Himalaya[??any other countries to list]].

1a.. Scales on stipe brown; segment apex with 2 or 3 sharp serratures ............  83a. subsp. blanfordii

1b.. Scales on stipe dark brown or black; segment apex rarely
sharply serrate ............................................................................  83b. subsp. nigro-squamosa

81a. Dryopteris blanfordii subsp. blanfordii

西域鳞毛蕨(原亚种)  xi yu lin mao jue (yuan ya zhong)

Nephrodium blanfordii C. Hope, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12: 624. 1899; Dryopteris gonboensis R. C. Ching.

Scales on stipe brown; segment apex with 2 or 3 sharp serratures.

Picea or Abies forests; 2900–3500 m. W Sichuan, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan; W Himalaya].

81b. Dryopteris blanfordii subsp. nigrosquamosa (R. C. Ching) Fraser-Jenkins, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 18: 388. 1989.

黑鳞西域鳞毛蕨  hei lin xi yu lin mao jue

Dryopteris nigrosquamosa R. C. Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bot. 2: 194. 1931; D. gushaigensis R. C. Ching.

Scales on stipe dark brown or black; segment apex rarely sharply serrate.

· Picea or Abies forests; 2900–3500 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

82. Dryopteris reflexosquamata Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 176. 1914.

倒鳞鳞毛蕨  dao lin lin mao jue

Dryopteris paludicola R. C. Ching & Z. Y. Liu.

Plants ca. 85 cm high. Rhizome obliquely ascending, densely scaly; scales dark brown, lanceolate, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 16–27 cm, ca. 5 mm thick, base densely clothed with scales dark brown, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, margin fimbriate and sharply serrate; lamina ovate-lanceolate, 30–50 × 20–30 cm, base slightly narrowed or not, bipinnate, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 10–12 pairs, alternate, horizontally or slightly obliquely spreading, broad distance apart, lanceolate, lower several pairs ca. 15 × 4 cm, base truncate, shortly stalked, pinnate, apex acuminate; pinnules ca. 14 pairs, right-angled spreading, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, apex obtuse; basiscopic base cuneate, attached to costa; acroscopic side truncate or auriculate; pinnules at basiscopic base of pinnae often shortened, margin lobed, incised. Veins pinnate, forked, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially; lamina herbaceous, gray-brown abaxially, dark brown adaxially; rachis and costa scaly; scales lanceolate, with fimbriate acute teeth on margin, with sparse dark brown, linear scales on abaxial side of costule. Upper part of lamina fertile; sori rounded, regularly in 1 row on each side of costule, between costa and margin; indusia small, often caducous.

· Forests, streamsides; 1400–2800 m. Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, NE Yunnan.

83. Dryopteris sikkimensis (Beddome) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.

锡金鳞毛蕨  xi jin lin mao jue

Polystichum sikkimense Beddome, Ferns Brit. India 1: 127. 1866; Dryopteris pseudo-sikkimensis R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu; Lastrea sikkimensis (Beddome) Beddome.

Plants 75–80 cm high. Rhizome erect, short; juvenile bud wrapped in ferruginous scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe dark brown, up to 30 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, sparsely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, usually appressed; lamina ovate, up to 50 × 35 cm, tripinnatipartite, apices acuminate; pinna ca. 15 pairs, alternate or subopposite, obliquely spreading, close to each other, shortly stalked; basal pinnae same shape and size as upper ones, ca. 17 × 3.5 cm, linear-lanceolate, base symmetric, rounded-truncate, bipinnatipartite, apex caudate-acuminate; pinnules ca. 20 pairs, nearly horizontal-spreading, close to each other; lower ones subopposite, sessile, oblong, basal pair ca. 2 × 8 mm, narrowed toward apex, base slightly oblique, cuneate, pinnatisect, apex rounded, with sparse teeth; segments 5 or 6 pairs, obliquely ascendant, slightly separated; acroscopia one at base larger than next above, homogeneous, oblong, apex obtuse, with several obtuse teeth. Lamina herbaceous, pale green-brown, glabrous on both surfaces; costa slightly clothed with brown, broadly lanceolate scales abaxially; rachis stramineous, sparsely clothed with appressed, stramineous, broadly ovate, acute scales abaxially; rachis as well as costa broadly grooved adaxially, connected with each other; veins slightly visible, ca. 2 pairs on each segment, obliquely ascendant, forked. Sori confined to upper half of pinnae, 2 or 3 pairs, one sorus on each segment; indusia brown, large, membranous, persistent.

Broad-leaved forests; ca. 2300 m. Xizang (Medog), Yunnan (Gongshan) [India (Sikkim)].

84. Dryopteris splendens (Hooker) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 813. 1891.

光亮鳞毛蕨  guang liang lin mao jue

Nephrodium splendens Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: L 126. 1862; Aspidium splendens (Hooker) Christ; Lastrea splendens (Hooker) Beddome.

Plants up to 1.2–1.8 m high. Rhizome creeping. Fronds approximate; stipe ebeneous, ca. 1/3 as long as lamina, stout, deep with a raised ridge on base, with small, thin, brown, ovate-lanceolate, appressed scales; lamina lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 70 × 50 cm, base somewhat narrowed, truncate, bipinnate, apex pinnate and acuminate; pinnae 25–32 pairs, obliquely spreading, broad distance apart, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 25 × 4 cm, basal several pairs shortly stalked, once pinnate, apex caudate-acuminate; pinnules 20–24 pairs, right-angled spreading, apart each other, oblong or rounded-falcate, apex obtuse; basiscopic base cuneate, acroscopic margin slightly raised, sessile, attached to costa, margin lobed or incised-serrate. Lamina herbaceous, pale green; rachis as pinna rachis similar in color to stipe, sparsely scaly; scales castaneous, lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, serrate, especially dense abaxially; veins pinnate, forked, conspicuous on both surfaces, apex with distinct water sac above. Sori rounded, with 1 row on each side of costa of pinnule, close to costa; upper part of pinnae usually sterile; indusia castaneous, rounded-reniform, entire.

Mixed forests (evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests); ca. 2400 m. Yunnan (Gongshan) [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

85. Dryopteris rubrobrunnea W. M. Chu, Acta Yunnan. Bot. Suppl. 5: 36. 1992.

红褐鳞毛蕨  hong he lin mao jue

Plants 1.2–1.8 m high. Rhizome creeping. Fronds approximate; stipe fusco-rufous, ca. 1/3 as long as lamina, stout, with a raised ridge on base, with small, thin, brown, ovate-lanceolate, appressed scales; lamina lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 70 × 50 cm, base somewhat narrowed, truncate, bipinnate, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 25–32 pairs, obliquely spreading, broad distance apart, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 25 × 4 cm, basal several pairs shortly stalked, once pinnate, apices caudate-acuminate; pinnules 20–24 pairs, right-angled spreading, apart from each other, oblong or rounded-falcate, apices obtuse; basiscopic base obliquely truncate; acroscopic side slightly protruding, asymmetric, sessile, attached to costa, pinnatipartite almost to costa at base. Lamina herbaceous, pale green, rachis and costa same color as stipe, sparsely scaly; scales castaneous, lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, serrate, scales denser abaxially; veins pinnate, forked, conspicuous on both surfaces, apices with distinct water sac above. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of costule, not close to costule; indusia castaneous, rounded-reniform, entire.

· Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 2000–2800 m. NW, SC, SE Yunnan.

86. Dryopteris pulvinulifera (Beddome) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 213. 1891.

肿足鳞毛蕨  zhong zu lin mao jue

Lastrea pulvinulifera Beddome, Ferns Brit. India 2: 333. 1870; Dryopteris harae H. Ito; L. pulvinulifera var. zeylanica Beddome; Nephrodium pulvinuliferum (Beddome) Bak.; N. sparsum var. squamulosum C. B. Clarke.

Plants up to 90 cm high. Rhizome creeping, densely clothed with bright golden, linear-lanceolate scales. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 25–30 cm, base densely scaly; scales bright golden, narrowly lanceolate; lamina deltoid-lanceolate, 40–60 cm, widest at base, ca. 40 cm wide, lower part quadripinnate, upper part tripinnate, apex acuminate; pinnae 10–18 pairs, usually overlapping each other, 1 or 2 basal pairs deltoid-lanceolate, ca. 20 × 14 cm, wide at base, stalk ca. 6 mm, tripinnatilobate, apex acuminate; secondary pinnules 12–14 pairs, lanceolate, base oblique, cuneate, shortly stalked, apex acuminate; basal basiscopic ones longest, up to 9 × 1.5–2 cm, wide at base, bipinnatipartite or bipinnatifid; thrice pinnae 8–10 pairs, obliquely spreading, narrow distance apart, oblong or subfalcate, base oblique, apex obtuse; basal one pinnatipartite, next above lobed, apex acute; upper pinnae of lamina tripinnate or tripinnatipartite; secondary pinnae oblong, base cuneate, sessile, pinnate or pinnatipartite, apex obtuse-acute; thrice pinnules entire, rarely incised. Rachis and costa with sparse black-brown, subulate, small scales abaxially. Veins pinnate, conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially. Sori rounded, terminating veinlets, regularly in 1 row on each side of costa; indusia rounded-reniform, thin, persistent.

Evergreen broad leaf forests; 2200–2700 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan) [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka].

87. Dryopteris polita Rosenstock, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 218. 1914.

蓝色鳞毛蕨  lan se lin mao jue

Dryopteris chapaensis C. Christensen & R. C. Ching ex R. C. Ching; D. exindusiata R. C. Ching & P. S. Chiu; D. livida R. C. Ching & G. H. Wang; D. viridis R. C. Ching.

Plants ca. 75 cm high. Rhizome erect, scaly; scales dark brown, glossy, linear, ca. 2.5 mm[??], entire, apex long acuminate. Stipe upper part pale stramineous, lower part brown, 30–35 cm, ca. 3 mm thick, narrowly grooved, glabrous, sparsely scaly; scales ferruginous, lanceolate; lamina deltoid, ca. 20 × 20 cm, wide at base, upper part oblong-falcate, pinnatipartite almost to rachis, narrowed toward top, forming a caudate apex with remote serrature, lower part bipinnate; pinnae 7–9 pairs, alternate, horizontally spreading, shortly stalked, 3.5–5 cm apart; middle pinnae linear-lanceolate, 5–8 × 1.5–2.5 cm, wide at base, slightly curved upward, base rounded-truncate, pinnatipartite to or nearly to costa, apices acuminate, shallowly serrate; segments obliquely oblong, serrate, obtuse at apices; lower several pairs deltoid-lanceolate, 8–10 cm, base 3–4 cm wide, with 1 or 2 free pinnules at base; basal basiscopic pinnule largest; pinnules lanceolate, 2.5–3 cm, base 6–8 mm wide, rounded-truncate, sessile, upper margin obtuse-serrate, lower margin lobate, apices obtuse. Veins somewhat visible abaxially, obscure adaxially, pinnate; veinlets on upper part of lamina often simple, on lower part often forked; lamina herbaceous, brown, tinged blue when dried, glabrous. Sori small, 1–3 pairs on each segment, between costa and margin, nearly on apices of veinlets; exindusiate.

Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1700–2200 m. Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Indonesia, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam].

88. Dryopteris subexaltata (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 295. 1905.

裂盖鳞毛蕨  lie gai lin mao jue

Aspidium subexaltatum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 616. 1904; Dryopteris hayatae Tagawa.

Plants 30–40 cm high. Rhizome erect, short, densely scaly; scales castaneous, broadly lanceolate, entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe stramineous, 20–25 cm, longer than lamina, base sparsely scaly; scales brown, lanceolate, entire, apices hair-shaped; lamina ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate, 15–25 × 10–15 cm, base not narrowed, bipinnatipartite or tripinnatilobate, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 7–9 pairs, opposite or subopposite, slightly obliquely ascendant, shortly stalked; basal pair largest, deltoid-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 5–8 × 3–5 cm, apex shortly acuminate; other pinnae gradually shortened upward, lanceolate, pinnatipartite; pinnules 7–9 pairs, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, usually unsymmetrical; basiscopic pinnule of basal pair longer than others, 3–4 × 1–2 cm, wide at base, once pinnate; other pinnules gradually shortened upward; segments oblong, apices obtuse and with several acute teeth. Lamina subpapery, both surfaces glabrous; veins pinnate, forked, conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially. Sori rounded, at middle of veinlets; indusia rounded-reniform, often irregularly incised at maturity.

Taiwan [Japan].

89. Dryopteris yoroii Serizawa, J. Jap. Bot. 46: 20. 1971.

栗柄鳞毛蕨  li bing lin mao jue

Aspidium nitidulum Wallich ex Kuhn; Dryopteris nitidula (Wallich ex Kuhn) Mitsuta & S. K. Wu; D. sparsa var. nitidula (Wallich) C. Christensen; Lastrea sparsa var. nitidula Beddome; Nephrodium sparsum var. nitidulum (Beddome) C. B. Clarke.

Plants 35–50 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascendant, short, densely scaly; scales brown, entire, lanceolate. Fronds caespitose, usually dimorphic; stipe of fertile frond castaneous, glossy, 15–20 cm, base sparsely clothed with ovate or ovate-lanceolate, brown, entire scales; lamina ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate, 15–25 × 10–15 cm, base not narrowed, bipinnate to tripinnatilobate, apex acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 7–9 pairs, opposite or subopposite, slightly obliquely ascendant, shortly stalked; basal pair largest, deltoid-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 5–8 × 3–5 cm, apex acuminate; other pinnae gradually shortened upward, lanceolate; pinnules 7–9 pairs, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, usually asymmetric; basiscopic pinnule of basal pair longer than others, 3–4 × 1–2 cm, wide at base, once pinnate; other pinnules gradually shortened upward; segments oblong, apices obtuse and with several acute teeth. Sterile frond larger than fertile one; lamina with more serratures on margin. Lamina subpapery, both surfaces glabrous; veins pinnate, forked, conspicuous abaxially, obscure adaxially. Sori rounded, on middle of veinlets; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

Forests, by streams; 500–2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

90. Dryopteris sparsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.

稀羽鳞毛蕨  xi yu lin mao jue

Nephrodium sparsum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 6. 1825; Dryopteris parasparsa R. C. Ching & S. K. Wu; D. sino-sparsa R. C. Ching & G. H. Shing; D. sparsa var. viridescens (Baker) R. C. Ching; Lastrea sparsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Moore; Nephrodium viridescens Baker.

Plants 50–70 cm high. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascendant, short, with dense brown, entire, lanceolate scales together with stipe base. Fronds caespitose; stipe pale castaneous-brown or dark stramineous on upper part, 20–40 cm; scales absent from top of stipe and rachis; lamina ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate, 30–45 × 15–25 cm, not narrowed to base, bipinnate to thrice pinnate below in large plants, apex long acuminate and pinnate; pinnae 7–9 pairs, opposite or subopposite, slightly oblique, shortly stalked; basal pair largest, deltoid-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 10–18 × ca. 10 cm, apex caudate-acuminate; other pinnae gradually shortened upward, lanceolate; pinnules 13–15 pairs, alternate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, usually asymmetric; basiscopic pinnule of basal pair longer than others, 6–8 cm, ca. 2 cm wide at base, once pinnate; other pinnules gradually shortened upward; segments oblong, sparsely serrulate on margin, apices obtuse and with several acute teeth. Lamina subpapery, both surfaces glabrous. Sori rounded, on middle of veinlets; indusia rounded-reniform, entire.

Forests, by streams; 500–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

DRYOPTERIS Adans.

鳞毛蕨属  lin mao jue shu

Ferns, terrestrial. Rhizome erect or ascending, clothed with old leaf bases and scales. Fronds tufted [caespitose in other manuscript]. Stipes densely clothed with scales at base. Lamina lanceolate, pinnatifid to bipinnate. Lateral pinnae usually more than 10 pairs. Costa raised on abaxial surface and grooved on adaxial surface. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple. Texture papery. Sori round [??orbicular or rounded], usually in one row on either side of costa, rarely irregularly two rows. Indusium reniform, or sori exindusiate.

Cosmopolitan distribution.

1a.     Lamina lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, usually pinnate to bipinnate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna not markedly longer than those above; pinnule apices not caudate, rounded.

2a.    Upper stipe with many small scales; scales on base of stipe lanceolate, brown or light brown (Sect. 1. Erythrovariae H. Ito).

3a.     Scales on rachis sparse, linear-lanceolate, thick, entire (Ser. 1. Erythrovariae).

4a.     Lamina pinnate, margin of pinna serrate or pinnately lobed to pinnately divided  1. D. decipiens

4b.     Lamina bipinnate, pinnule with stalk at base.

5a.    Pinnule triangular-ovate, serrate or pinnatifid at margin, obtuse at apex.

6a.     Pinnule serrate at margin; sori near costa ..................................  2. D. fuscipes

6b.     Pinnule pinnatifid at margin; sori close[??what is the difference between “near” and “close”] to margin ................................................................................  3. D. ryo-itoana

5b.    Pinnule lanceolate, pinnately lobed or pinnately parted at margin, acuminate at apex.

7a.     Pinnule pinnately lobed; bullate scales dense on costa and rachis; indusium dark red at center ..........................................................................................  4. D. erythrosora

7b.     Pinnule pinnately parted; bullate scales sparse on costa and rachis; indusium light red at center ..........................................................................................  5. D. hondoensis

3b.     Scales on rachis dense, ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, scales exist simultaneously [??], thin, toothed or entire (Ser. 2. Championianae Ching ex S. G. Lu).

8a.     Scales on rachis ovate, toothed at margin.

9a.    Lamina bipinnate, pinnule entire or serrate at margin; scales on rachis dark brown  6. D. lepidorachis

9b.    Lamina tripinnate or bipinnate, pinnule lobed; scales on rachis brown  7. D. tsoongii

8b.     Scales on rachis lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or toothed at margin.

10a.   Upper stipe and rachis with only scattered scales ........................  8. D. kinkiensis

10b.   Upper stipe and rachis densely scaly.

11a.   Pinnae sessile, hardly adnate at base; scales on rachis usually entire  9. D. simasakii

11b.   Pinnae with distinct stalks; scales on rachis toothed at margin  10. D. championii

2b.    Upper stipe glabrous; scales on base of stipe linear-lanceolate, black or very dark blackish brown (Sect. 2. Indusiatae S. G. Lu).

12a.   Sori exindusiate; pinnae opposite, hardly sessile; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna not shortened .......................................................................................................  11. D. gymnosora

12b.   Sori indusiate.

13a.   Pinnae sessile or subsessile; lower lateral pinnae horizontally spreading from rachis.

14a.   Basal pinnule in lower pinnae shortened and parallel to rachis, amplexicaul  12. D. indusiata

14b.   Basal pinnae in lower pinnae not shortened and not parallel to rachis.

15a.   Lamina bipinnate; pinnules serrate with long aristate teeth; stipe usually purple  13. D. tenuicula

15b.   Lamina tripinnate; pinnules pinnatisect, ultimate segments not spiny serrate; stipe stramineous .....................................................................................  14. D. submarginata

13b.   Pinnae with distinct stalks; lower lateral pinnae oblique to rachis.

16a.   Pinnules adnate to pinna rachis (pinna pinnatisect) ...............  15. D. guangxiensis

16b.   Pinnules with stalks or subsessile, not adnate to pinna rachis.

17a.   Pinnules oblong, rounded or cuneate at base, rounded or truncate at apex, usually entire at margin.

18a.   Scales on stipe and rachis black; pinnules rounded at apex, spiny-serrate; sori near costa    16. D. tenuipes

18b.   Scales on upper stipe and rachis brown, pinnules rounded or truncate at apex, not spiny-serrate; sori medial.

19a.   Lamina broadly deltoid, basal pinnae much longer than those above; pinnules usually rounded at apex .............................................................  17. D. subtriangularis

19b.   Lamina ovate-lanceolate; pinnules usually truncate at apex  18. D. assamensis

17b.   Pinnules deltoid-ovate, broadest at base, acuminate or obtuse at apex, pinnatilobate to pinnatisect at margin.

20a.   Pinnules cordate at base with 2–3 mm stalks.

21a.   Scales on rachis and pinna rachis black; sori slightly near margin  19. D. integriloba

21b.   Scales on rachis and pinna rachis brown; sori slightly near costa  20. D. tahmingensis

20b.   Pinnules rounded or cuneate at base, sessile or subsessile.

22a.   Scales on base of stipe black; posterior basal pinnules in basal pinnae much longer than those above, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect .................................  21. D. labordei

22b.   Scales on base of stipe dark brown; posterior basal pinnules in  basal pinnae slightly longer than those above, pinnatilobate to pinnatifid ...........  22. D. pseudosparsa

1b.     Lamina 5-pointed ovate, usually tripinnate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna markedly longest; pinnule apices caudate and acutely pointed (Sect. 3. Variae Fraser-Jenkins). [move up: smaller half of couplets first]

23a.   Basal pinnae with 3–4 cm stalks.

24a.   Sori exindusiate ..............................................................................  25. D. dehuaensis

24b.   Sori indusiate.

25a.   Scales on stipe, rachis and pinna rachis black; indusium entire at margin  23. D. sordidipes

25b.   Scales on stipe, rachis and pinna rachis brown; indusium ciliate at margin  24. D. xungwuensis

23b.   Basal pinnae with ca. 1 cm stalks.

26a.   Lamina pentagonous, as long as broad, tripinnate, ultimate pinnules pinnatipartite.

27a.   Scales on stipe light brown; pinnae and pinnules with distinct stalks .. 26. D. amurensis

27b.   Scales on stipe black; pinnae and pinnules subsessile .....................  27. D. formosana

26b.   Lamina deltoid-oblong or ovate, much longer than broad, bipinnate or tripinnate, ultimate pinnules entire or pinnatilobate.

28a.   Ultimate pinnules or segments ovate; stipe base with dense scales; scales brown, linear-lanceolate  28. D. yongdeensis

28b.   Ultimate pinnules or segments lanceolate; stipe base with black, brown or bicolored scales.

29a.   Scales on stipe base wholly black ................................................  29. D. pacifica

29b.   Scales on stipe base brown or bicolored.

30a.   Scales on stipe base brown, hairlike at apex.

31a.   Lamina bipinnate, caudate-acuminate at apex; sori larger, usually in one row on either side of pinna rachis .......................................................................  30. D. immixta

31b.   Lamina bipinnate to tripinnate, acute at apex; sori smaller, scattered on either side of pinna rachis ...................................................................................  31. D. varia

30b.   Scales on stipe base bicolored, brown on base and margin, black at center and apex.

32a.   Scales on stipe and rachis deflexed ..................................  32. D. saxifraga

32b.   Scales on stipe and rachis not deflexed.

33a.   Rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with bullate scales  33. D. setosa

33b.   Bullate scales sparse on rachis and pinna rachis .......  34. D. sacrosancta

 

1. Dryopteris decipiens (Hooker) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 812. 1891.

迷人鳞毛蕨  mi ren lin mao jue

Rhizome ascending or erect, ca. 3 cm in diam., with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 15–25(30) cm, base dark brown and densely clothed with scales, becoming sparsely so from upper stipe; scales dark brown, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 10 × 1 mm, entire. Lamina lanceolate, 20–30 × 8–15 cm, truncate at base, pinnate or rarely bipinnate, acuminate at apex. Lateral pinnae 10–15 pairs, alternate or opposite, lanceolate, 5–8 × 1–1.5 cm, with ca. 2 mm stalks or sessile, usually cordate at base, undulate or shallowly serrate at margin, or pinnately lobed or divided, acuminate at apex. Costa raised abaxially and grooved adaxially, lateral veins pinnate; veinlets simple, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially and invisible[??inconspicuous] adaxially, terminating just inside margin. Texture papery, gray-green, abaxial surface of rachis and costa with bullate or sacklike scales and hairlike scales. Sori round, usually in one row on either side of costa, rarely irregularly in two rows, close to costa; indusium reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Fujian.

1a.     Lamina pinnate, pinna serrate at margin, shallowly cordate at base ..............  1a. var. decipiens

1b.     Lamina pinnate, pinna pinnately lobed or pinnately divided, pinnule sessile  1b. var. diplazioides

 

1a. Dryopteris decipiens var. decipiens

迷人鳞毛蕨  mi ren lin mao jue (yuan bian zhong)

Nephrodium decipiens Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 86. 1862; Aspidium decipiens (Hooker) Luers.

Lamina pinnate, pinna serrate at margin, shallowly cordate at base.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].

1b. Dryopteris decipiens var. diplazioides (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 476. 1938.

深裂迷人鳞毛蕨  shen lie mi ren lin mao jue

Polystichum diplazioides Christ, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 260. 1902; C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 581. 1906; Dryopteris cordipinna Ching & Shing; D. decipiens var. subbipinnata Ching; D. fuscipes var. diplazioides (Christ) Ching; D. integripinna Ching; D. metafuscipes Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. mimetica Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. retroso-paleacea Ching & C. F. Zhang.

Lamina pinnate, pinna pinnately lobed or pinnately divided, pinnule sessile, or rarely pinna pinnatisect, so that lamina becomes bipinnate.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Guizhou.

2. Dryopteris fuscipes C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. Suppl. 2: 14. 1917.

黑足鳞毛蕨  hei zu lin mao jue

Dryopteris confertipinna Ching & Shing; D. fuscipes f. major Ching ex Shing & J. F. Cheng; D. medialisora Ching & Chiu; D. multijugata Ching & Shing; D. parafuscipes Ching & Z. Y. Liu, Bull. Bot. Res. 4(3): 23. t. 26. 1984 (non Ching & Chiu, 1987); D. persimilis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. stenochlamys Ching & Chiu ex Shing & J. F. Cheng; D. yaoi Ching.

Rhizome ascending, ca. 3 cm in diam., with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes lower part dark brown, stramineous above, 20–40 cm, densely scaly at base; scales shiny, brown, lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm × 1–1.5 mm, entire, acuminate or hairlike at apex; scales on upper part of stipe becoming smaller and sparse. Lamina ovate-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 30–40 × 15–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–4 cm, lowest pairs shortened, upper pinnae becoming smaller. Pinnules 10–12 pairs, deltoid-ovate, 1–2 cm × 8–10 mm, broadest at base, sessile or subsessile, shallowly serrate at margin, obtuse at apex; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna usually shorter than next. Rachis, pinna rachis, and costa grooved adaxially. Veins pinnate, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green. Rachis clothed with dense lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, and bullate scales; bullate scales on pinna rachis more dense. Sori larger, usually in one row on either side of costa, slightly close to costa; indusium reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. [Indochina [??which countries] Japan, Korea].

Type from Guizhou.

3. Dryopteris ryo-itoana Kurata, J. Geobot. 15: 84. 1967.

阔羽鳞毛蕨  kuan yu lin mao jue

Dryopteris dispar Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. kaihuaensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. gutishanensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. pseudofuscipes Ching & Chiu; D. lushanensis Ching & Chiu; D. triangularifrons Ching.

Rhizome ascending, covered with scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, ca. 30 cm, covered with lanceolate, dark brown, entire scales at base; upper part of stipe with sparse, smaller, light brown scales. Lamina deltoid-ovate, widest at base, 30–40 × 20–30 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–12 pairs, subopposite; basal pair largest, 15–20 × 7–10 cm, gradually smaller upward. Pinnules 7–10 pairs, lanceolate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite; basiscopic pinnules on basal pinna longer and larger than rest, 5–6 × 1.5–2 cm, oblique toward posterior. Segments obtuse at apex with a few acute teeth. Rachis and base of pinna-rachis covered with lanceolate, light brown scales, abaxial surface of pinna-rachis with sparse, light brown bullate scales. Costa grooved adaxially. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green, glabrous adaxially, sparsely scaly abaxially. Sori large, in one row on either side of costa, borne on upper basal veinlet, slightly near costa, indusiate; indusia reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Japan.

4. Dryopteris erythrosora (Eaton) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 812. 1891.

红盖鳞毛蕨  hong gai lin mao jue

Aspidium erythrosorum Eaton in Perry, Narr. Exp. China 2: 330. 1856; Lastrea erythrosora (Eaton) Moore; Nephrodium erythrosorum (Eaton) Hooker; Dryopteris bulligera Ching; D. linyingensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. oblongipinnula Ching & Chiu; D. oppositipinna Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. paraerythrosora Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. pseudo-erythrosora Ching & C. F. Zhang, Bull. Bot. Res. 3(3): 27. t. 20. 1983 (non Kodama, 1913); D. remotipinnula Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. sino-erythrosora Ching & Shing; D. squamistipes Ching & Z. Y. Liu.

Rhizome ascending, 3–4 cm in diam., covered with scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous or light castaneous, 20–30 cm, 3–4 mm in diam., densely scaly at base; scales castaneous, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 1–2 mm, entire, brown at margin, upward scales becoming smaller and sparse. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, 40–60 × 15–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, opposite or subopposite, lanceolate, 15–20 × 4–6 cm, ca. 6–8 cm far apart, not approaching each other. Pinnules 10–15 pairs, ascending, lanceolate, 2–3 cm × 8–12 mm, serrulate or pinnatilobate at margin; basal basiscopic pinnules on lowest pinnae distinctly shortened, less than half as long as next. Segments distinctly ascending, 1- or 2-toothed on anterior. Rachis sparsely covered with lanceolate, dark brown scales, pinna rachis and pinnule costa densely covered with brown, bullate scales. Veins pinnate, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, subglabrous adaxially surface, scaly abaxially. Sori smaller, in one row or scattered at either side of costa, near costa; indusia reddish at center, pale brown on edges, reniform, entire, persistent.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.

5. Dryopteris hondoensis Koidzumi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 31. 1932.

桃花岛鳞毛蕨  tao hua dao lin mao jue

Dryopteris scabripes Ching.

Rhizome erect, densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, 25–35 cm, densely covered with lanceolate, dark brown, entire scales at base. Lamina oblong, 40–50 × 20–30 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, opposite or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, 15–18 × 5–6 cm, usually shortened at base, acuminate at apex. Pinnules 10–13 pairs, lanceolate, 3–4 × ca. 1 cm, pinnatilobate to pinnatisect, acute or obtuse at apex. Segments obtuse at apex, usually 1- or 2-toothed on anterior. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green. Rachis and base of pinna rachis densely covered with lanceolate, dark brown scales; pinna rachis and costa covered with bullate scales abaxially. Veins pinnate, invisible[??inconspicuous] adaxially, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Sori large, in one row on either side of costa or scattered at base of pinnules, near costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical or temperate forests. Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.

6. Dryopteris lepidorachis C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 274. 1906 (based on Polypodium rheosorum Bak., 1891).

轴鳞鳞毛蕨  zhou lin lin mao jue

Polypodium rheosorium Bak., Ann. Bot. 5: 457. 1891 (non Bak., 1844); Dryopteris basitripinnatifida Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. championii var. rheosora (Bak.) Shing; D. lepidocaulon Ching & Chiu; Nephrodium rheosorium (Bak.) Handel-Mazzetti.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes 15–25 cm, densely scaly; scales on base dark brown, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm; scales on upper part of stipe ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, toothed at margin, caudate at apex. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 25–50 × 20–30 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–12 pairs, subopposite on lower part, alternate on upper part, lanceolate, 8–15 × 2–4 cm, approaching each other. Pinnules 10–13 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 1–2 cm × ca. 5 mm, cordate at base with stalks, serrate or pinnatilobate at margin, obtuse with serrulate apex. Rachis densely covered with ovate scales as upper part of stipe; pinna rachis densely covered with lanceolate scales and bullate scales. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, invisible[??inconspicuous] adaxially, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, glabrous adaxially, small scaly abaxially. Sori small, near margins; indusia brown, reniform.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang,

Type from Zhejiang.

7. Dryopteris tsoogii Ching, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2: 14. 1987.

观光鳞毛蕨  guan guang lin mao jue

Dryopteris wuyuanensis Ching.

Rhizome ascending or erect, ca. 4 cm in diam., densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 40–50 cm, 4–5 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales on base of stipe and on apex of rhizome brown, lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm × 1–2 mm; scales on middle of stipe ovate, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, serrulate at margin, caudate at apex. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 50–70 × 35–45 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 15–18 pairs, alternate, lanceolate, 15–20 × 4–5 cm, stalked at base, pinnatifid at apex. Pinnules 10–15 pairs, lanceolate, 2–3 × 1–1.5 cm, pinnatisect at lower part, pinnatifid at upper part, acute or obtuse at apex. Segments obtuse at apex, with an acute tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate, invisible[??inconspicuous] adaxially, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green and glabrous adaxially, yellowish green and scaly abaxially; scales on rachis ovate; pinna rachis densely covered with broadly lanceolate scales and bullate scales; scales on costa hairlike. Sori small, round, in one row on either side of costa, near margin; indusia small, reniform, fugacious.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

Type from Anhui.

8. Dryopteris kinkiensis Koidzumi ex Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 200. 1933.

京鹤鳞毛蕨  jing he lin mao jue

Dryopteris championii var. tenuifrons (H. Ito) H. Ito; D. neoassamensis Ching; D. zhenanensis Ching & Chiu.

Rhizome erect, densely covered with scales; scales dark brown, lanceolate. Fronds tufted. Stipes 20–40 cm, stramineous, densely covered with scales at base; scales light brown, lanceolate; scales on upper part of stipe sparse, toothed at margin. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 25–40 × 15–20 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, ascending, lanceolate, subopposite or alternate, 10–15 × 4–5 cm. Pinnules 10–12 pairs, lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, cuneate at base, sessile or subsessile, pinnatifid, acute at apex. Segments toothed on anterior. Veins pinnate, obscure adaxially, distinct abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green and subglabrous adaxially, yellowish green and scaly abaxially; scales on rachis and base of pinna rachis dense, light brown, lanceolate; scales on middle of pinna rachis bullate or saccate at base. Sori large, in one row on either side of costa, medial; indusia reniform, entire. n = 82.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Japan.

9. Dryopteris simasakii (H. Ito) Kurata, J. Geobot. 18: 5. 1970.

高鳞毛蕨  gao lin mao jue

Rhizome ascending or erect, densely covered with scales; scales brown, lanceolate. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 20–30(57) cm, 3–4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales on base lanceolate, up to 2 cm, or scales mixed broadly lanceolate and linear-lanceolate; scales on upper part fugacious or sometimes more dense above. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 30–50 × 15–25 cm, bipinnate or tripinnate at lowest. Pinnae 12–15 pairs, subopposite, spreading at lower part, vertical to rachis, oblong-lanceolate, 15–18 × 4–5 cm, shortened at base and sessile, overlapping rachis, acuminate at apex. Pinnules 10–15 pairs, lanceolate, 2–4 cm × 8–12 mm, shallowly cordate at base, with short stalks, pinnatifid to pinnatisect at margin, acute or obtuse at apex. Segments 5–8 pairs, obtuse at apex, with an acute tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate, simple or forked, obscure adaxially, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green, glabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; scales on rachis brown, lanceolate, toothed at margin; pinna rachis densely covered with bullate scales; costa covered with hairlike scales. Sori borne near edges; indusia reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Japan.

1a.     Lamina tripinnate or bipinnate, pinnule pinnatifid; scales on upper part of stipe fugacious, scales lanceolate     10a. var. simasakii

1b.     Lamina bipinnate, pinnule pinnately lobed, scales much more dense; more dense scales on upper part of stipe, rachis and pinna rachis, broadly lanceolate scales mixed with linear-lanceolate scales  10b. var. paleacea

 

9a. Dryopteris simasakii var. simasakii

高鳞毛蕨gao lin mao jue (yuan bian zhong)

Dryopteris indusiata var. simasakii H. Ito, J. Jap. Bot. 9: 57. 1933; D. excelsior Ching & Chiu; D. labordei var. simasakii (H. Ito) H. Ito; D. laodianensis Ching & Chiu; D. erythrochlamys Ching & Z. Y. Liu.

Scales on upper part of stipe fugacious, scales lanceolate. Lamina tripinnate or bipinnate, pinnule pinnatifid.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

9b. Dryopteris simasakii var. paleacea (H. Ito) Kurata, J. Geobot. 18: 5. 1970.

密鳞高鳞毛蕨  mi lin gao lin mao jue

Dryopteris indusiata var. paleacea H. Ito, J. Jap. Bot. 9: 57. 1933; D. labordei var. simasakii f. paleacea (H. Ito) H. Ito; D. paomowanensis Ching & Z.Y. Liu; D. rufosquamosa Ching & Chiu.

More dense scales on upper part of stipe, rachis and pinna rachis, broadly lanceolate scales mixed with linear-lanceolate scales. Lamina bipinnate, pinnule pinnately lobed, scales much more dense.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan].

Type from Japan.

10. Dryopteris championii (Bentham) C. Christensen ex Ching, Sinensia 3: 327. 1933.

阔鳞鳞毛蕨  kuo lin lin mao jue

Aspidium championii Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 456. 1861; Dryopteris bullatipaleacea Ching; D. changii Ching; D. conferta Ching & Chiu; D. grandiosa Ching & Chiu; D. gutishanensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. huanglungensis Ching; D. infrahirtella Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. laoshanensis J. X. Li & S. T. Ma; D. linganensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. nanchuanensis Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. neofuscipes Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. neofuscipes Ching & Chiu, Bot. Res. 2: 4. 1987 (non Ching & Z. Y. Liu, 1984); D. paleifera Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. qinyuanensis Ching & Chiu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2: 7. 1987, [as chinyuanensis]; D. wangii Ching; D. wuyishanensis Ching; D. yandongensis Ching & C. F. Zhang; D. zunyiensis Ching.

Rhizome ascending or erect, densely covered with scales at apex; scales brown, lanceolate, entire. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 30–40 cm, 4–5 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales broadly lanceolate, toothed at margin, acuminate at apex. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 40–60 × 20–30 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, subopposite at lower part, alternate at upper part, ovate-lanceolate, slightly shortened at base, ascending at apex. Pinnules 10–13 pairs, lanceolate, 2–3 cm, base shallowly cordate or broadly cuneate, with short stalk, margin pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, apex obtuse and serrulate. Segments obtuse at apex, toothed, basal segment distinctly larger, pinnules broadest at base. Veins pinnate, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, subglabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; scales on rachis dense, broadly lanceolate at base, toothed at margin, hairlike at apex; pinna rachis densely covered with bullate scales. Sori large, in one row on either side of costa, medial or nearer to margin; indusia reniform, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical or temperate forests. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Hongkong.

11. Dryopteris gymnosora (Makino) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 269. 1906.

裸果鳞毛蕨  luo guo lin mao jue

Nephrodium gymnosorum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 64. 1899; Dryopteris labordei auct., non C. Christensen, 1906: Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 240. F. 480. 1972; Fl. Fujian 1: 203. F. 189. 1982; Fl. Anhui 1: 153. F. 151. 1985; Fl. Zhejiang 1: 261. F. 1–263. 1993; Fl. Jiangxi 1: 283. F. 288. 1993 [??delete].

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales at apex; scales black, lanceolate, entire. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, 20–30 cm, base black and covered with lanceolate, black scales, upward subglabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 30–40 × 20–30 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–13 pairs, opposite or subopposite, broadly lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–5 cm, usually overlapping rachis at base, sessile. Pinnules ca. 10 pairs, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite at margin, obtuse and toothed at apex; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna distinctly larger than next. Segments ascending, with toothed apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, light green, glabrous adaxially; rachis subglabrous; pinna rachis and costa sparsely covered with bullate scales. Sori exindusiate, borne on either side of costa. n = 123.

Subtropical or temperate forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Japan.

12. Dryopteris indusiata (Makino) Makino & Yamamoto ex Yamamoto, Suppl. Ic. Pl. Formos. 5: 3. 1932.

平行鳞毛蕨  ping xing lin mao jue

Nephrodium gymnosorum var. indusiatum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 65. 1899; Dryopteris gymnosora var. indusiata (Makino) Makino ex Bonaparte.

Rhizome ascending, ca. 3 cm in diam., densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 20–35 cm, 2–3 mm in diam., base densely covered with lanceolate, black scales, upward subglabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 25–40 × 20–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, opposite, ovate-lanceolate, 12–17 × 3–5 cm, sessile or subsessile, slightly shortened at base. Pinnules 10–12 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, base truncate, sessile, margin pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, apex obtuse; basal pinnules parallel rachis; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna slightly shorter than next and parallel rachis. Segments 5–7 pairs, entire, 1- or 2-toothed on anterior, rounded at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, glabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; rachis covered with sparse, black, lanceolate scales; pinna rachis and costa covered with brown, bullate scales. Sori large, borne on either side of costa, near costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire. n = 82(123).

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Japan.

13. Dryopteris tenuicula Mattew & Christ in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 51. 1909.

华南鳞毛蕨  hua nan lin mao jue

Dryopteris jiulungshanensis Chiu & Yao; D. neglecta Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. purpurella Tagawa; D. rubristipes Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. subchampionii Ching; D. subtenuicula Ching & Chiu; D. yaoi Ching.

Rhizome ascending, 2–2.5 cm in diam., densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipe dark stramineous or reddish, 20–25 cm, ca. 2 mm in diam., base covered with black, lanceolate scales, upward scales sparse or upper stipe subglabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 30–40 × 20–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–12 pairs, opposite or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, 9–12 × 3–4 cm, subsessile, apex caudate. Pinnules 8–10 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 cm × 7–10 mm, base broadly cuneate or truncate, margin pinnatifid, apex acute; basal pinnules on lowest pinna distinct shortened, next 2 or 3 pairs of basiscopic pinnules distinctly larger. Segments ascending, with an acute tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, glabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; pinna rachis and costa covered with more dense bullate scales. Sori borne on either side of costa, slightly nearer to margin; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Guangdong.

14. Dryopteris submarginata Rosenstock, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 132. 1914.

无柄鳞毛蕨  wu bing lin mao jue

Dryopteris nudistipes Ching & Chiu; D. sessilipinna Ching & Chiu.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipe stramineous, 40–50 cm, 3–4 mm in diam., base densely scaly; scales black or bicolored, lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, hairlike at apex; upward scales sparse. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 35–45 × 25–30 cm, tripinnate. Pinnae 8–12 pairs, opposite or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, 12–15 × 3–4 cm, sessile or subsessile; basiscopic pinnule obliquely spreading; acroscopic pinnule overlapping rachis. Pinnules 10–12 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate or subtruncate, margin pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, apex acute or obtuse; basiscopic pinnules larger than acroscopic pinnules; second basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, up to 5 × 3 cm. Segments 5–8 pairs, margin toothed, apex rounded. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple, obscure adaxially, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, pale green, glabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; scales on rachis black, lanceolate; scales on pinna rachis and costa brown, bullate. Sori small, borne on either side of costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Type from Guizhou.

15. Dryopteris guangxiensis S. G. Lu, Guihaia 19(1): 27. 1999.

广西鳞毛蕨  guang xi lin mao jue

Dryopteris parafuscipes Ching & Chiu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2: 4. 1987 (non Ching & Z. Y. Liu, 1984).

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipe stramineous, 15–20 cm, 1–1.2 mm in diam., base densely covered with black, linear-lanceolate, up to 1.2 cm scales, upward subglabrous. Lamina deltoid-ovate, 25–30 × 18–20 cm, pinnate. Pinnae 8–10 pairs, subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, 8–10 × ca. 3 cm, base broadly cuneate, margin pinnatipartite, apex acuminate. Segments 7–10 pairs, deltoid-ovate, 1.5–2 cm × 8–10 mm, margin subentire, apex acute. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, green, glabrous adaxially, with black, bullate scales on abaxial surface of pinna rachis. Sori small, slightly near to margin; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi.

Type from Guangxi (Daming Shan).

16. Dryopteris tenuipes (Rosenstock) Serizawa, J. Jap. Bot. 46: 19. 1971.

落叶鳞毛蕨  luo ye lin mao jue

Dryopteris erythrosora var. tenuipes Rosenstock, Hedwigia 56: 341. 1915.

Rhizome ascendent, densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipe stramineous, ca. 20 cm, 1.5–2 mm in diam., scaly throughout; scales black, lanceolate; scales on base of stipe much more dense, upward sparse. Lamina deltoid-ovate, 20–25 × 15–18 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 8–10 pairs, subopposite or alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 8–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, stalked at base, acuminate at apex. Pinnules 7–10 pairs, oblong, 1–2 cm × 6–8 mm, base cuneate, margin serrate, apex rounded. Veins pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, subglabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; scales on rachis black, lanceolate; scales on pinna rachis and on costa black, bullate. Sori large, borne on either side of costa, nearer to costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

* Forests. Taiwan.

Type from Taibei.

17. Dryopteris subtriangularis (Hope) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 296. 1906.

三角鳞毛蕨san jiao lin mao jue

Nephrodium subtriangulare Hope, J. Bot. 28: 327. 1890; Dryopteris acutidens Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 141. Pl. 21. F. 24. 1959 (non C. Christensen, 1905); D. caudifrons Ching; D. erythrosora auct.: Wu, Wang & Pong, Bull. Dept. Biol. Sun Yatsen Univ. 3: 38. T. 10. 1932 (non O. Kuntze, 1891); Dryopteris subassamensis Ching; D. uropinna Price; Lastrea filix-mas var. subtriangularis (Hope) Bedd.

Rhizome ascending, 2–2.5 cm in diam., covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 20–30 cm, 1–1.5 mm in diam., base dark brown and densely covered with scales; scales black or blackish brown, linear-lanceolate; upward scales smaller or subglabrous. Lamina deltoid-lanceolate, 30–35 × 20–25 cm, widest at base, bipinnate, with a somewhat caudate apex. Pinnae 5–7 pairs, broadly lanceolate; basal pinnae largest, up to 12–13 × 4–5 cm, stalked at base, upward gradually smaller, sessile. Pinnules distinct on lower part of lamina, usually 4–6 pairs on each pinna, oblong; pinnules on basiscopic side of lowest pinnae larger than those on acroscopic side, ca. 3 × 1 cm, truncate at base, pinnatifid at margin, obtuse and toothed at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, glabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; rachis subglabrous; pinna rachis and costa covered with bullate, brown scales. Sori large, rounded, in one row on either side of costa, medial; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

Tropical or subtropical forests. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

Type from India.

18. Dryopteris assamensis (Hope) C. Christensen & Ching, Bull. Dept. Biol. Coll. Sci. Sun Yatsen Univ. 6: 4. 1933.

阿萨姆鳞毛蕨  a sa mu lin mao jue

Nephrodium assamensis Hope, J. Bot. 28: 326. 1890; Dryopteris filix-mas subsp. assamensis (Hope) C. Christensen; Lastrea filix-mas var. assamensis (Hope) Beddome.

Rhizome ascending, 2.5–3 cm in diam., densely covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 25–30 cm, 2–3 mm in diam., base very dark brown and densely covered with scales; scales stiff, black or nearly black, linear-lanceolate; upward scales become very small, black or dark brown, lanceolate. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 25–30 × 20–25 cm, middle part same width as base, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–13 pairs, opposite or subopposite, lanceolate, 10–13 × 2.5–3 cm, stalked at base, acuminate at apex. Pinnules 8–10 pairs, oblong, 1–2 cm × 6–8 mm, cuneate at base, serrate or pinnatifid at margin, truncate or rounded and with acute teeth at apex; pinnules on lower part of lamina with stalks; upper part adnate at base and decurrent at basiscopic. Segments with acute teeth at apex. Veins pinnate or forked, hard to see[??inconspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green, subglabrous adaxially, scaly on abaxial surface of pinna rachis and costa; scales black or dark brown, bullate; rachis subglabrous. Sori small, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly nearer margin; indusia brown, reniform, curved over sorus, entire.

Tropical or subtropical forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [N India, Vietnam].

Type from India (Assam).

19. Dryopteris integriloba C. Christensen, Bull. Dept. Sun Yatsen niv. 6: 5. 1933.

羽裂鳞毛蕨  yu lie lin mao jue

Dryopteris hirtosparsa auct.: Wu, Wang & Pong, Bull. Dept. Biol. Sun Yatsen Univ. 3: 40. Pl. 11. 1932 (non Christ, 1908); D. subintegriloba Serizawa.

Rhizome ascending, ca. 3 cm in diam., densely covered with scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, 30–40 cm, ca. 3 mm in diam., black and densely covered with scales at base; scales black or dark brown, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 1–1.5 mm; scales smaller or subglabrous upward. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 35–40 × 20–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–12 pairs, opposite or subopposite on lower part, alternate on upper part, deltoid-lanceolate, 12–15 × 3–4 cm, with stalks at base, pinnatifid-acuminate at apex. Pinnules 10–12 pairs, lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, widest at base, up to 1.5 cm wide, cordate and stalked at base, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite at margin, obtuse or acute at apex. Segments obtuse at apex, or occasionally with a acute tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, dark green adaxially, yellowish green abaxially, subglabrous adaxially, abaxial surface of pinna rachis and costa densely covered with black or dark brown bullate scales. Sori small, medial; indusia dark brown, entire.

Tropical or subtropical forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan. [Vietnam].

Type from Guangdong (Mt. Dinhushan).

20. Dryopteris tahmingensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 480. 1938.

大明鳞毛蕨  da ming lin mao jue

Dryopteris hwangii Ching.

Rhizome ascending or erect, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., densely clothed with linear-lanceolate, black or dark brown scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, up to 40 cm, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely covered with lanceolate, dark brown scales at base, upward scales becoming small and sparse, or stipe becoming subglabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 20–35 × 15–20 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 8–10 pairs, opposite on lower part, alternate on upper part, deltoid-lanceolate, 9–10 × 3–4 cm, base stalked, pinnati-acuminate at apex. Pinnules 6–8 pairs, deltoid-ovate, 1.5–2 × ca. 1 cm, base widest, cordate and stalked, pinnatilobate at margin, obtuse at apex. Segments obtuse at apex, with a sharp tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green, subglabrous adaxially; rachis clothed with linear-lanceolate, dark brown scales; pinna rachis and costa densely covered with dark brown bullate scales. Sori large, slightly nearer to costa; indusia reniform, entire.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan.

Type from Guangxi (Daming Shan).

21. Dryopteris labordei (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 273. 1906.

齿果鳞毛蕨chi tao lin mao jue

Aspidium labordei Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1: 40. 1905.

Rhizome ascending, covered with scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous or purpurine, 25–35 cm, 2–3 mm in diam., black and clothed with scales at base, scales black or blackish brown, lanceolate; upper stipe and rachis subglabrous. Lamina ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 25–30 × 20–25 cm, bipinnate; basal pinna largest and curved to apex of lamina, so lamina rounded at base. Pinnae ca. 10 pairs, subopposite, 3 or 4 pairs on lower part distinctly enlarged, 15–20 × 5–10 cm, stalked at base, curved at apex. Pinnules 8–10 pairs, lanceolate; pinnules on basiscopic side of lowest pinnae distinctly larger than those on acroscopic side; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, 6–7 × ca. 2 cm, truncate at base, subsessile, obtuse or acute at apex, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect at margin; all basiscopic pinnules curved to apex of pinna. Segments obtuse at apex, with 1 or 2 teeth on anterior. Veins pinnate, not ending at margin. Texture herbaceous, dark green, glabrous on both surfaces except for abaxial surface of pinna rachis and costa sparsely clothed with brown, bullate scales. Rachis and pinna rachis stramineous. Sori large, in one row on either side of costa, medial; indusia dark brown, reniform, entire.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Guizhou.

22. Dryopteris pseudosparsa Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 489. 1938.

假稀羽鳞毛蕨  jia xi yu lin mao jue

Dryopteris cuneatiloba Ching & Chiu.

Rhizome ascending, ca. 3 cm in diam., clothed with scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 25–30 cm, 3–4 mm in diam., black and densely covered with scales at base; scales black or dark brown, lanceolate, gradually sparse upward. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 35–40 × 20–25 cm, bipinnate. Pinnae 10–13 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 15–18 × 4–5 cm, base stalked, pinnati-acuminate at apex. Pinnules 10–13 pairs, lanceolate, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, widest and truncate at base, pinnatilobate or pinnatifid at margin, acute at apex. Segments with a sharp tooth on anterior. Veins pinnate, distinct abaxially; veinlets ending at margins. Texture herbaceous, pale green, subglabrous adaxially, scaly abaxially; scales on rachis black, lanceolate; pinna rachis and costa clothed with brown, bullate scales. Sori large, medial or near costa; indusia reddish at center, reniform, entire.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Type from Yunnan.

23. Dryopteris sordidipes Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 29. 1934.

落鳞鳞毛蕨  luo lin lin mao jue

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales. Fronds tufted. Stipes light brown, 25–35 cm, 3–4 mm in diam., densely covered with castaneous, lanceolate, up to 2 mm, shiny scales at base; upward scales becoming small or hairlike, black. Lamina pentagonal, 30–35 × 20–25 cm, tripinnate. Pinnae 8–12 pairs, subopposite or alternate, catadromous except basal pinna, lanceolate, 13–15 × 8–10 cm, widest at base, with distinct stalks (up to 3.5 cm). Pinnules 8–10 pairs; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna much enlarged, 6–9 × 2–4 cm, with stalks at base, pinnati-acuminate at apex. Ultimate pinnules 8–10 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 cm × 5–7 mm, serrate or pinnatilobate at margin, acute at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially, ending at margin. Texture subleathery, dark green; rachis and pinna rachis covered with black, lanceolate scales abaxially; pinnule rachis densely covered with dark brown, bullate scales abaxially, base of scale ciliate. Sori small, medial; indusia persistent, brown, reniform, stiff, margin entire. n = 41.

Forests. Taiwan [Japan].

Type from Japan.

24. Dryopteris xungwuensis Ching & Shing ex Shing & J. F. Cheng, J. Sci. Jiangxi 8(3): 48. 1990.

寻乌鳞毛蕨  xun wu lin mao jue

Rhizome ascending, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., densely clothed with castaneous, lanceolate scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 30–40 cm, 2–3 mm in diam., dark brown and densely covered with lanceolate, castaneous scales at base; upward scales becoming small and sparse, black or dark brown, ciliate at base. Lamina ovate-pentagonal, 35 × 20–25 cm, usually soriferous on upper part, tripinnate. Pinnae ca. 10 pairs, alternate, far apart, ovate-lanceolate; basal pinnae largest, up to 15 × 8 cm, with 1–3 cm stalks at base. Pinnules 5–8 pairs, lanceolate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna up to 7 × 2 cm, pinnatisect. Ultimate pinnules 6–8 pairs, ovate, ca. 1 cm × 4 mm, sparsely toothed at upper parts. Veins pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, ending at margins, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture subleathery, dark green, subglabrous adaxially; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with brown, ciliate at base, hairlike scales; pinnule rachis with brown scales ciliate at margins, distinctly saccate at base or not. Sori small, medial; indusia brown, ciliate at margins.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Guangxi, Jiangxi.

Type from Jiangxi (Xungwu).

25. Dryopteris dehuaensis Ching, Fl. Fujian 1: 209. 601. F. 197. 1982.

德化鳞毛蕨de hua lin mao jue

Dryopteris gushanica Ching & Shing; D. neosordidipes Ching ex Shing & J. F. Cheng.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with castaneous or black, linear-lanceolate scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes dark stramineous, 25–35 cm, ca. 4 mm in diam., brown and densely covered with lanceolate, dark castaneous scales at base; upward scales become small and black, appressed. Lamina pentagonal-lanceolate, 35–45 × 25–30 cm, deeply cordate at base, tripinnate, pinnatifid at apex. Pinnae 10–14 pairs, alternate or subopposite, broadly lanceolate, with stalks at base; basal pinnae largest, up to 17 × 10 cm, with 3–4 cm stalks. Pinnules 15–18 pairs, lanceolate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna distinctly enlarged, directed downward, pinnatisect; pinnules on upper part pinnatifid or pinnatilobate. Ultimate pinnules oblong, entire on both sides, obtuse and with tooth at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture subleathery or papery, dark green; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with linear-lanceolate, ciliate, black scales; pinnule rachis and costa covered with brown, bullate scales abaxially. Sori small, medial, exindusiate.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

Type from Fujian (Dehua).

26. Dryopteris amurensis Christ, Bull. Geogr. Bot. Mans. 1909: 35. 1909.

黑水鳞毛蕨  hei shui lin mao jue

Rhizome erect, with tillering. Fronds tufted. Stipes base dark brown, stramineous above, 20–30 cm, sparsely scaly; scales light brown, lanceolate. Lamina pentagonous, 20–23 × 20–22 cm, deeply cordate at base, tripinnate. Pinnae 5–7 pairs; lowest pinnae largest, deltoid, up to 10 × 8 cm. Pinnules 5–7 pairs; basiscopic pinnules larger than those on acroscopic side; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, 6–7 × 2–3 cm, pinnatisect, directed downwards. Ultimate pinnules 5–7 pairs, deltoid-ovate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite. Segments [??] or serrate with long aristate teeth at apex. Texture papery, green; rachis and pinna rachis sparsely covered with light brown, lanceolate scales; costa covered with light brown, bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, borne on either side of costa; indusia reniform, entire at margin. n = 41.

Temperate deciduous and needle-leaved forests. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Russia].

Type from Russia (Saghalin).

27. Dryopteris formosana (Christ) C. Christensen, Ind. Fil. 266. 1906.

台湾鳞毛蕨  tai wan lin mao jue

Aspidium formosanum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 4: 615. 1904; Dryopteris constantissima (Hayata) Hayata; D. kodamai Hayata; D. liui Ching; D. phaeolepis Hayata; Polystichum comstantissimum Hayata; P. varium var. eurylepidotum Rosenstock.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with castaneous, lanceolate scales on apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 25–35 cm, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely covered with castaneous, lanceolate 1–1.2 cm × ca. 2 mm, entire scales at base, decreasing in size from base upwards. Lamina pentagonous, 20–30 × 20–25 cm, deeply cordate at base, tripinnate, pinnatifid at apex. Pinnae 8–10 pairs, broadly lanceolate, 10–15 cm, widest at base, up to 10 cm wide. Pinnules ca. 10 pairs, those on basiscopic side usually longer than those on acroscopic side, lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna much longer than next pinnule and directed downward. Ultimate pinnules on lowest basiscopic pinnule 8–10 pairs, oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 4–5 mm, with sharp teeth, obtuse at apex. Veins obscure on both surfaces. Texture papery, green; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with scales; scales on rachis nearly black, lanceolate; scales abaxially on pinna rachis light brown, saccate at base. Sori small, borne on either side of costa; indusia brown, entire. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].

Type from Taiwan.

28. Dryopteris yongdeensis W. M. Chu & S. G. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 473. 1990.

永德鳞毛蕨yong de lin mao jue

Rhizome erect, densely covered with scales on apex; scales russet-brown, shiny, linear-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm × 1 mm, entire. Fronds tufted. Stipes 3–9 cm, base densely covered with same scales as on rhizome, upper part subglabrous, stramineous. Lamina pentagonal-ovate, 9–14 × 8–10 cm, tripinnate. Pinnae 7–9 pairs; basal pinna largest, ca. 6 × 4 cm, stalked at base, curved at apex. Pinnules on basal pinna 5 or 6 pairs, ovate, those on basiscopic side usually larger than those acroscopic side, pinnatisect. Ultimate pinnules on lowest basiscopic pinnule 3 or 4 pairs, oblong, with teeth at apex and margin. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture papery, yellowish green; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with dark brown bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, near costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire or erose (gnawed).

* Dense forests.Yunnan.

Type from Yongde.

29. Dryopteris pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa, Col. Illustr. Jap. Pterid. 100. 211. 1959.

太平鳞毛蕨tai ping lin mao jue

Polystichum pacificum Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 119. 1925; D. lungjingensis Ching & Chiu, [‘D. luntsingensis’]; D. pudouensis Ching; D. quadrifida Ching ex Shing & C. F. Cheng; Dryopteris varia var. hikonensis (H. Ito) Kurata; D. yushanensis Ching & Chiu; P. hololepis var. hikonense H. Ito.

Rhizome ascending, 3–4 cm in diam., densely covered with scales on apex; scales black, lanceolate, 2–3 cm, hairlike at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 35–45 cm, ca. 4 mm in diam., base densely covered with same scales as rhizome; upward scales smaller, hairlike, black scales mixed with brown appressed scales. Lamina tentagonous-ovate, 40–60 × 25–35 cm, tripinnate. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, alternate; lowest pinnae largest, up to 20 × 10 cm. Pinnules 10–15 pairs, lanceolate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna much longer than next, ca. 10 × 2 cm, directed downward, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. Ultimate pinnules on lowest basiscopic pinnule 10–12 pairs, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 5–7 mm, acute and with sharp teeth at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets forked or simple, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture papery, green; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with linear-lanceolate, basally brown, apically black scales; pinnule rachis and costa densely covered with brown bullate scales. Sori borne on either side of costa, slightly near margins; indusia brown, reniform, margin erose. n = 123.

Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejing [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.

30. Dryopteris immixta Ching, Fl. Tsinling. 2: 165. 225. 1974.

假异鳞毛蕨  jia yi lin mao jue

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with dark brown or nearly black, linear-lanceolate scales on apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 15–20 cm, 2–2.5 mm in diam., base densely covered with same scales as on rhizome; scales sparse upward. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 15–25 × 15–18 cm, widest at base, bipinnate, acuminate at apex. Pinnae 8–10 pairs; lowest pinnae largest, ca. 10 × 7 cm, ovate-lanceolate, stalked at base, acuminate at apex; upper part: pinna lanceolate, subsessile. Pinnules 5–8 pairs; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, 5–6 × 1–1.5 cm, pinnatipartite. Segments toothed at margin, acute at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets forked or simple. Texture subleathery, yellowish green; rachis covered with brown, lanceolate scales; pinna rachis and costa covered with brown bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, near margin; indusia brown, reniform, erose.

* Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

Type from Gansu.

31. Dryopteris varia (Linnaeus) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 814. 1891.

变异鳞毛蕨  bian yi lin mao jue

Polypodium varium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1090. 1753; Aspidium opacum (Hooker) Bentham; A. varium (Linnaeus) Sweet; Dryopteris caudifolia Ching & Chiu; D. consimilis Ching; D. fuyangensis Ching & Chiu; D. glabrescens Ching & Chiu ex Shing & J. F. Cheng; D. lingii [??author]; D. matsuzoana Koidzumi ; D. nanchuanensis Ching & Z. Y. Liu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 9. F. 37. 1984 [non 3(4): 20. F. 18. 1983, nec 4(3): 19. F. 21. 1984]; D. ogawai H. Ito; Dryopteris yabei Hayata; Lastrea opaca Hooker; P. hololepis Hayata; P. varium (Linnaeus) Presl.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with scales on apex; scales dark brown, linear-lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm, hairlike at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 20–50 cm, 4–5 mm in diam., base densely clothed with dark brown or blackish, narrowly lanceolate scales; upward scales becoming brown, smaller or markedly narrow or hairlike. Lamina tentagonal-ovate, tripinnate or bipinnate; basal pinnules pinnatipartite, 30–40 × 20–25 cm, deeply cordate at base, caudate at apex. Pinnae 10–12 pairs, broadly lanceolate; lowest pinna largest, 15–20 × 10–15 cm, with 0.5–1 cm stalks at base, acuminate at apex. Pinnules 6–10 pairs, lanceolate, usually basiscopic pinnules larger than those on acroscopic side; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, up to 15 × 3 cm, pinnatisect in large fronds and pinnatifid in small fronds and further up. Ultimate pinnules or segments on lowest pinnule lanceolate, pinnatifid or serrate at margins, acute at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked, visible[??conspicuous] abaxially. Texture subleathery, green; rachis and pinna rachis covered with brown or nearly black hairlike scales; pinnule rachis and costa covered with brown, bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, near margins; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

Subtropical and temperate forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam].

Type from Guangdong.

32. Dryopteris saxifraga H. Ito, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 125. 1936.

虎耳鳞毛蕨hu er lin mao jue

Dryopteris varia var. saxifraga (H. Ito) H. Ohba; D. varia subsp. saxifraga (H. Ito) Sugimoto.

Rhizome ascending or erect, densely covered with brown, narrowly lanceolate scales on apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 10–15 cm, 1.5–2 mm in diam., base thicker and densely clothed with brown, lanceolate scales; scales smaller or hairlike and deflexed further up. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, tripinnate or bipinnate; lowest basiscopic pinnule pinnatipartite, 20–35 × 10–15 cm, deeply cordate at base, acuminate at apex. Pinnae 8–10 pairs, deltoid-ovate; basal pinna largest, 5–8 × 2–4 cm; basiscopic one larger than on acroscopic side. Pinnules 5–8 pairs, ovate-lanceolate; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna markedly largest, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, upward pinnules gradually smaller. Segments obtuse at apex. Veins obscure on both surfaces. Texture thickly papery, green; rachis covered with spreading, brown and saccate at base, nearly black and hairlike at apex scales; pinna rachis densely covered with brown and bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, near costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire.

Temperate deciduous and needle-leaved forests. Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.

33. Dryopteris setosa (Thunberg) Akasawa, Bull. Kochi wom. Univ. 7: 27. 1959.

两色鳞毛蕨  liang se lin mao jue

Polypodium setosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 337. 1784; Aspidium setosum (Thunberg) Sweet; D. bissetiana (Bak.) C. Christensen; D. paravaria Ching & Chiu; D. pseudobissetiana Ching ex Shing & J. F. Cheng; D. shanghaiensis Ching & Chiu; D. sinobissetiana Ching & Z. Y. Liu; D. thunbergii Koidzumi; Dryopteris varia subsp. setosa (Thunberg) Sugimoto; D. varia var. setosa (Thunberg) Ohwi; Nephrodium bissetianum Baker; P. bissetianum (Baker) Nakai.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate, black or nearly black scales on apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes stramineous, 15–50 cm, densely clothed with lanceolate, black, 1–2 cm, apically hairlike scales at base; scales smaller further up. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 20–40 × 15–25 cm, cordate at base, tripinnate, acuminate at apex. Pinnae 10–15 pairs, alternate, with short stalks at base, acuminate at apex; lowest pinnae largest, broadly lanceolate, ca. 15 × 7 cm. Pinnules 10–13 pairs, lanceolate, those on basiscopic side usually larger than on acroscopic side; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, ca. 6 × 1.5 cm, downward pinnatisect. Ultimate pinnules on lowest basiscopic pinnule 5–8 pairs, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 3–5 mm, toothed or entire at margins, acute at apex. Veins obscure on both surfaces. Texture subleathery, yellowish green; rachis and pinna rachis densely covered with bicolored scales, brown and saccate at base, black and narrowly lanceolate at upper part; pinnule rachis and costa densely covered with brown, bullate scales abaxially. Sori large, near costa; indusia brown, large, reniform, entire or ciliate at margins.

Subtropical or temperate forests. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.

34. Dryopteris sacrosancta Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 108. 1924.

棕边鳞毛蕨  zong bian lin mao jue

Polystichum sacrosanctum (Koidzumi) Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 388. 1929; Dryopteris bissetiana var. sacrosancta (Koidz.) H. Ito; D. tieanzuensis Ching & Chiu; D. varia subsp. sacrosancta (Koidz.) Sugimoto; D. varia var. sacrosancta (Koidz.) Ohwi; P. bissetianum var. sacrosanctum (Koidz.) Nakai.

Rhizome ascending, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate, dark brown scales at apex. Fronds tufted. Stipes 15–20 cm, densely clothed scales at base; scales black at center, brown on margin, lanceolate, 1–1.2 cm × 1–1.5 mm. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 25–30 × 15–20 cm, cordate at base, tripinnate, acuminate at apex. Pinnae 10–13 pairs, alternate or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate; lowest pinnae largest, 13–18 × 7–10 cm, with 8–10 mm stalks at base, acuminate and curved upward at apex. Pinnules 8–10 pairs, lanceolate; basal basiscopic pinnules larger than those on acroscopic side; lowest basiscopic pinnule on lowest pinna largest, up to 7 × 2.5 cm, cordate and stalked at base. Ultimate pinnules on lowest basiscopic pinnule 5–7 pairs, pinnatilobate or serrate at margin, acute or obtuse at apex. Veins pinnate; veinlets simple or forked. Texture thickly papery or subleathery; rachis covered with brown, lanceolate scales; pinna rachis and pinnule rachis covered with brown, bullate scales. Sori large, borne on either side of costa; indusia brown, reniform, entire or erose at margin. n = 123.

Temperate forests. Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

Type from Japan.