条蕨科 tiao jue ke
Zhang Xianchun (张宪春); Peter Hovenkamp
条蕨属 tiao jue shu
Plants terrestrial, epilithic, or epiphytic. Rhizome long, creeping, erect, or scandent; scales blackish brown, thick, spreading or appressed, imbricate, peltate at base, margin often long ciliate. Fronds distant or clustered; stipes articulate to raised phyllopodia; lamina simple, entire, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, papery, or leathery, margin cartilaginous, glabrous or pubescent; costa prominent, raised adaxially, often with small scales on abaxial surface; veins simple or forked, free. Sori in a single often irregular row on either side of costa; indusia persistent, red-brown, reniform or rounded-reniform, membranous or papery. Spores monolete, with broad, winglike, echinulate folds, cristate or echinate to erose.
About 15 species (in need of revision): pantropical, mainly from tropical Asia and the Pacific islands, a few in Africa and South America; five in China.
1a. Rhizome with stiff, erect or suberect lateral branches, bearing spreading whorls of 510 fronds, forming thickets 1. O. pistillaris
1b. Rhizome creeping; fronds erect, scattered or in small clusters of 35.
2a. Rhizome not entirely covered with scales; scales with recurved apex; stipes dark brown 2. O. wallichii
2b. Rhizome entirely covered with overlapping scales; stipes stramineous.
3a. Rhizome scales spreading, narrowly triangular with a relatively wide apex, brown, central part of acumen not thickened; roots branching and with root hairs along their entire length; lamina glabrous on adaxial surface and margin .......................................................................................... 3. O. undulata
3b. Rhizome scales appressed to spreading, narrowly ovate-lanceolate with long narrow acumen with thickened central part; roots usually with glabrous, unbranched part (rhizophore); lamina hairy or glabrous.
4a. Phyllopodia very short, 12(10) mm, mostly immersed in scales ......... 4. O. musifolia
4b. Phyllopodia 212 cm ........................................................................ 5. O. cumingii
轮叶条蕨 lun ye tiao jue
Aspidium pistillare Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 30. 1801.
Rhizome very long, with creeping part and stiff, erect or suberect, scandent branches forming thickets, growth monopodial after forming fronds, 57 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots very long, stiff, borne on all sides of creeping parts of rhizome; scales strongly appressed, narrowly triangular, 67 Χ ca. 1 mm, base subacute, margin ciliate but often quickly eroding, leaving entire scales on older parts of rhizome, apex acuminate. Fronds on erect parts in horizontal or ascending whorls; stipes and phyllopodia 0.32.5 cm, stramineous, phyllopodia ca. 2 mm; lamina linear-lanceolate, 1040 Χ 1.53.5 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin not undulate and glabrous, apex acuminate; costa sparsely scaly abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori close to costa; indusia rounded-reniform, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Rocky slopes, forests; ca. 1600 m. Xizang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Thailand; Pacific islands].
高山条蕨 gao shan tiao jue
Aspidium wallichii Hooker, Exot. Fl. 1: 5, t. 5. 1823.
Plants epilithic or epiphytic; rhizome long-creeping, freely branching, branches often opposite, 34 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots restricted to ventral side; scales 34 Χ ca. 1 mm, dark brown to blackish at attachment, contracted into a brown, often recurved acumen, margin ciliate, apex long and narrow. Fronds scattered or in small tufts; phyllopodia 12 mm, hardly emerging from rhizome scales; stipe dark brown, 1.53(8) cm; lamina greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, 2040 Χ 25 cm, herbaceous, both surfaces hairy, more densely so abaxially and on veins, base cuneate to rounded, margin not undulate and densely ciliate, apex apiculate-caudate; costa raised on both sides, abaxially with small, brown, lanceolate scales, adaxially narrowly grooved; veins single or forked at base. Sori very close to costa; indusia red-brown, rounded-reniform, glabrous or hairy on surface, margin, or both margin and surface.
Forests; 17002700 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
波边条蕨 bo bian tiao jue
Polypodium undulatum Willdenow, Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 155. 1810.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome long-creeping, growth monopodial, 45 mm in diam., not white waxy; roots restricted to ventral side, branched and hairy throughout their length; scales dark brown at middle, apex and margin red-brown, spreading, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 Χ 1 mm, base rounded, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. Fronds erect, scattered or in tufts, stipe including phyllopodia 1015(20) cm, stramineous, phyllopodia to 212 cm; lamina brown when dry, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1525 Χ 24.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially with long hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, rarely more gradually narrowed, to broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, margin slightly undulate and glabrous; costa raised on both sides, narrowly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori to 25 mm from costa; indusia pubescent.
Sunny slopes; up to 1000 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
光叶条蕨 guang ye tiao jue
Aspidium musifolium Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 141. 1828; Oleandra hainanensis Ching; O. whangii Ching.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome stiff, long-creeping, growth sympodial, continuing mostly from lateral branches below each tuft of fronds, 45 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots long, stiff, restricted to ventral side, usually with unbranched glabrous part (rhizophore); scales strongly appressed, dark brown at middle, pale brown at apex and margin, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 35 Χ 0.51.5 mm, base rounded or subacute, margin ciliate, apex long acuminate. Fronds erect, mostly in tufts of 24; phyllopodia very short, 12 mm, sometimes up to 5 mm, immersed in scales; stipe stramineous, 12.5 cm; lamina green or brown when dry, linear-lanceolate, 1243 Χ 1.83.5 cm, herbaceous, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially pubescent or glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin slightly wavy, not undulate, and glabrous, apex long acuminate or caudate; costa raised on both sides, sparsely scaly abaxially, slightly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori 24 mm from costa; indusia brown, margin pale brown, rounded-reniform, glabrous.
Dense forests, often on rocky cliffs; 3001800 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
华南条蕨 hua nan tiao jue
Oleandra cantonensis Ching; O. chinensis Hance; O. guangxiensis S. L. Mo & Y. C. Zhong; O. intermedia Ching; O. yunnanensis Ching.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome creeping, monopodial, 34 mm in diam., sometimes white waxy; roots restricted to ventral side, mostly with short unbranched glabrous part (rhizophore); scales appressed, dark brown in basal part, lighter toward apex, narrowly triangular, 47 Χ ca. 1 mm, margin ciliate. Fronds erect, scattered or in tufts; stipe and phyllopodia together 2.57 cm, stramineous, phyllopodia 26 cm; lamina greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, to 34 Χ 23.5 cm, herbaceous, both surfaces and margin glabrous to densely long hairy, abaxially more often pubescent, more densely so on costa and veins, hairs to 2 mm, lamina attenuate to both ends, base cuneate, margin not undulate, apex shortly acuminate; costa slightly raised on both sides, narrowly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked at middle. Sori very close to costa or up to 6 mm distant, in an irregular single line; indusia dark brown, reniform or rounded-reniform, glabrous or hairy.
Rocky cliffs. Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan [Indochina list countries??, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines].
Plants of Oleandra cumingii from Hainan differ in a number of characters: the lamina is wider, to 4.5 cm, less gradually narrowed at base and the plants are more consistently glabrous than typical plants.